A variety of plastic bottled waters.
A study has discovered that freezing and then thawing a plastic container releases microplastics into the water in amounts comparable to those released when the container is heated to high temperatures. This raises concerns about consuming frozen water from plastic bottles in the heat of summer.
According to a paper published in February in the international academic journal ‘Journal of Hazardous Materials’ by a research team that included Zhejiang University in China and Virginia Tech in the US, the quantity of hazardous substances, including microplastics, released when a plastic container with water is frozen at sub-zero temperatures and then thawed is similar to that released when it is heated to 60 degrees Celsius. Microplastics are typically defined as plastic particles measuring 5mm or less.
The research team compared instances where ultrapure water was placed in 2.2mm thick plastic containers and subjected to repeated freezing and thawing, chlorination, heating, and untreated conditions. The experiment utilized PPR (polypropylene random), a type of polypropylene resin commonly used for water supply pipes.
Specifically, in the plastic containers that were repeatedly frozen and thawed, around 70 to 220 microplastic particles were released per day over time. During heating, approximately 70 to 130 microplastic particles were released daily, and when chlorinated, about 60 to 160 particles were released. Conversely, the number of microplastic particles released without any treatment was approximately 3 to 66. The size of the microplastic particles released through repeated freezing and thawing, heating, and chlorination was generally found to be around 4 to 9 micrometers.
“Plastics can break down into microplastics primarily through physical processes and chemical reactions,” the researchers noted. “Microplastics pose potential health risks, including cytotoxicity and oxidative stress.”
Experts emphasized that the research findings should raise alarms about the practice of consuming frozen water from plastic bottles during summer, indicating a need for public education on safe drinking practices. At a drinking water policy forum titled “Bottled Water and Microplastics: Joint Efforts for Safe Drinking Water,” co-hosted by the Drinking Water Network and the Korean Society of Environmental Engineers on the 31st of last month, Dokko Seok, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Dankook University, explained, “These research results suggest that the widespread habit of drinking frozen spring water and carrying it during the summer could lead to consuming significant amounts of plastic.” He added, “Further in-depth research and measures are necessary regarding domestic spring water.”
Harmless or Hazardous? The Truth About Freezing Plastic Water Bottles
Research Findings: Microplastics in Frozen Water Bottles
A study recently published in the Journal of Hazardous Materials, co-authored by a research team from Zhejiang University in China and Virginia Tech in the United States, reveals alarming information about the safety of drinking water from frozen plastic bottles. It was found that when plastic containers are frozen and then subsequently thawed, they release microplastics into the water at levels comparable to those seen when heated to high temperatures.
What Are Microplastics?
Microplastics are defined as plastic particles that are 5mm or smaller. Their presence poses potential health risks, including cytotoxicity and oxidative stress to humans.
Study Specifications
The research specifically examined the effects of freezing and thawing plastic containers filled with ultrapure water. The tests utilized 2.2mm thick plastic containers made from polypropylene random (PPR), a commonly used resin for water supply pipes.
Experiment Breakdown
- Containers were subjected to freezing and thawing cycles.
- Some containers were disinfected with chlorine.
- Heating was also applied at 60 degrees Celsius.
- Control samples were left untreated.
Microplastics Released During Various Treatments
The study quantified the number of microplastics released from the containers under different treatments:
| Treatment Type | Microplastic Release (particles/day) |
|---|---|
| Freezing & Thawing | 70 – 220 |
| Heating | 70 – 130 |
| Chlorine Disinfection | 60 – 160 |
| Untreated | 3 – 66 |
The Implications of Microplastics in Bottled Water
The research highlights a concerning trend regarding the consumption of frozen bottled water during hot summer months. Preliminary findings suggest that drinking frozen water from plastic bottles can lead to the ingestion of a significant volume of microplastics, potentially leading to health consequences.
Expert Opinions
Experts in environmental health have emphasized the need for public awareness regarding these risks. During a recent drinking water policy forum, Dokko Seok, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Dankook University, noted, “The practice of consuming frozen spring water could expose individuals to an alarming concentration of plastic.”
Tips for Safer Hydration
While the study raises critical concerns, there are several strategies that individuals can adopt to minimize their risk:
- Opt for stainless steel or glass containers for drinking water.
- Avoid reusing plastic bottles that have been frozen or heated.
- Educate others about the risks of microplastic consumption.
- Consider water purification systems that reduce contaminants.
- Check for alternatives to bottled water, such as tap water, which is often regulated for safety.
The Bigger Picture: Environmental Impact and Future Research
Beyond individual health concerns, microplastics in our water systems represent a larger environmental issue. As plastics continue to break down in our oceans and waterways, the potential for more harmful substances to enter the food chain is a worrying prospect.
Funding and Further Studies
Due to the implications of this study, scientists urge for more comprehensive research targeting domestic spring water and its interactions with various types of plastic. There’s a call for funding and grants to facilitate deeper studies in the field of microplastic research and its effects on both human and environmental health.
Case Study: Community Awareness Programs
Several communities have formed awareness programs teaching residents about safe drinking practices. These programs focus on the dangers of microplastics and promote the use of alternative containers for drinking water.
Real-World Experiences
Participants from various community workshops recount their transition from using plastic bottles to stainless steel ones, highlighting how small shifts in behavior can lead to significant health and environmental benefits.
Conclusion
While the study surrounding frozen plastic water bottles brings critical revelations into light, it emphasizes the need for continued research, education, and community awareness about the dangers posed by microplastics. Making informed choices about water consumption can lead us closer to a healthier lifestyle and a cleaner environment.
