The Hellenic Geological and Mining Research Authority prepared a particularly interesting study on the composition of African dust, which covered our country in the past.
Collecting and analyzing, using the new state-of-the-art JSM-IT500L scanning electron microscope, which has the ability to magnify up to 300,000 times, a sample of the African dust that has blanketed Attica confirmed what pulmonologists had been ringing the bell regarding all along space.
In other words, in addition to the African dust, dangerous elements (suspended particles) that are transported due to it pass through our respiratory system.
In particular, while optically the dust does not exceed 10μm in size, its chemical composition includes the elements aluminum (Al), silicon (Si) and calcium (Ca) with a minimum percentage of iron (Fe) and titanium (Ti). And as pointed out in the announcement of the EAGME, the African dust is essentially a plaything that floats and moves due to the winds and its small size.
African dust carries particles in a wide range of sizes, such as PM10, PM2.5 or even much smaller, and can also entrain pollutants from the atmosphere.
Health risks and protective measures
Scientists are drawing attention to vulnerable groups amid the peak of the African dust phenomenon, recommending them to wear a protective mask and avoid travel.
Particular emphasis is placed on citizens with respiratory problems, heart patients, children as well as people over 65 years of age, who should avoid any physical exercise-activity outdoors.
It should be noted that people with asthma may need inhalations of relief medicine more often, while in case the symptoms persist it is recommended to contact the attending physician.
What are the health effects?
One of the primary health effects of African dust is its effect on respiratory health.
Fine dust particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream. For people with conditions such as asthma, bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exposure to these particles can worsen symptoms, leading to shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing and chest discomfort.
Allergies and irritation
African dust can cause allergic-type reactions in some people, respiratory tract irritation, nasal congestion, sneezing and watery eyes. People with allergies or sensitivities to environmental factors may experience increased symptoms during periods of increased levels of African dust.
Cardiovascular effects
In addition to respiratory problems, exposure to African dust has been linked to cardiovascular problems. Particulate matter can contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress, and vasoconstriction, which can increase the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular diseases, especially in vulnerable populations.
Effect on the immune system
Prolonged exposure to African dust can also affect the immune system, making people more vulnerable to respiratory infections and other illnesses. The inflammatory response caused by dust particles can weaken the body’s defenses and make it harder to fight pathogens.
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