2024-11-15 14:30:00
The doctor specializing in immunology Brigitte Autran, president of Covars, in 2022. VINCENT COLIN
For ten years, the United Nations (UN), through the World Health Organization (WHO), has been trying to impose the concept of “One Health”. This notion highlights the interdependence of human, animal and ecosystem health. Fleetingly popularized during the Covid-19 epidemic, it is struggling to establish itself in public policies and public opinion. However, all it takes is stagnant water – ideal for mosquitoes – and a malaria epidemic can develop.
Deforestation, strong urbanization, and disturbed bats can contaminate mammals. Overuse of antibiotics and resistant viruses are emerging. Environment, health and society are closely linked. How can we advance the idea of “One Health”? Brigitte Autran heads Covars, an independent scientific committee created at the end of the health emergency law, in support of the Minister of Health and Research and the Prime Minister, to help them anticipate health risks .
How did the notion of One Health emerge?
Covid has highlighted the fact that 75% to 80% of emerging infections in humans are of animal origin. To better anticipate this risk, it is necessary to have a joint and parallel analysis of the pathologies likely to emerge from the animal world and be transmitted to humans. Covid-19 was an illustration of this, since we know that the virus emerged in bats. The government therefore considered that it was very important to include this concept of “One Health” in the Covars missions.
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The first interactions between man and animals are extremely old, and we have always known in the history of diseases that major epidemics often originate in the animal world. For example, plague epidemics as we have known them since Antiquity. This reality was highlighted at the beginning of the 21st century with several major epidemics such as SARS. [syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère]in 2002-2004, MERS-CoV [coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient]in 2012, pandemic episodes of influenza originating from birds or the animal world… This concept of One Health was gradually highlighted.
Has the Covid-19 crisis accelerated the consideration of these interactions?
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How can education and community engagement help to promote the “One Health” approach effectively?
**Interview with Dr. Brigitte Autran on the “One Health” Approach**
*Date: November 15, 2024*
*Interviewer: [Your Name]*
*Guest: Dr. Brigitte Autran, President of Covars*
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**Interviewer:** Thank you for joining us today, Dr. Autran. The concept of “One Health” has been gaining traction, especially in light of recent global health challenges. Can you explain what “One Health” encompasses and why it’s vital for our future?
**Dr. Autran:** Thank you for having me. “One Health” is an integrated approach that recognizes the interconnectedness of human health, animal health, and ecosystem health. It emphasizes that the health of people, animals, and the environment is interlinked. By addressing these areas simultaneously, we can create more sustainable and effective health strategies.
**Interviewer:** Despite its solid foundation, the concept seems to struggle in gaining momentum within public policy and awareness. What do you think are the main barriers to its implementation?
**Dr. Autran:** There are several challenges. First, traditional approaches tend to silo public health, veterinary health, and environmental policies. Shifting to a “One Health” approach requires significant changes in how we think and work across these sectors. Additionally, public perception can be slow to evolve—many still see these domains as separate rather than interconnected. Education and awareness are key.
**Interviewer:** You mentioned public perception; how can we effectively educate communities about the importance of “One Health”?
**Dr. Autran:** Education initiatives need to be clear and relatable. We must illustrate real-world examples, like how stagnant water can lead to mosquito-borne diseases, to show people the impacts of neglecting the environment. Collaborating with local organizations and using social media can also help reach diverse audiences and convey the message that health is a shared responsibility.
**Interviewer:** Could you elaborate on some specific actions that policymakers could take to advance the “One Health” agenda?
**Dr. Autran:** Certainly. Policymakers should integrate health impact assessments that consider environmental factors when designing urban development projects. Strengthening regulations on antibiotic use to combat resistance is also essential. Lastly, fostering collaborations among public health, veterinary services, and environmental agencies can lead to more comprehensive strategies for disease prevention.
**Interviewer:** Given your experience leading Covars, how does the committee view the relationship between “One Health” and emerging health threats, such as those posed by climate change?
**Dr. Autran:** The committee sees “One Health” as a crucial framework to address emerging threats. Climate change directly influences pathogen dynamics and disease emergence. For instance, deforestation can push wildlife into human habitats, introducing new diseases. It’s essential that our approach to health incorporates environmental sustainability to mitigate these risks.
**Interviewer:** Thank you, Dr. Autran. Your insights into the “One Health” concept underline its importance not just as a theoretical framework, but as a practical approach to ensure global health security.
**Dr. Autran:** Thank you for the opportunity to discuss this vital topic. It’s a collective effort, and we must all play our part to protect our health and the ecosystems we depend on.
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*End of Interview*