2024-11-15 14:30:00
The doctor specializing in immunology Brigitte Autran, president of Covars, in 2022. VINCENT COLIN
For ten years, the United Nations (UN), through the World Health Organization (WHO), has been trying to impose the concept of “One Health”. This notion highlights the interdependence of human, animal and ecosystem health. Fleetingly popularized during the Covid-19 epidemic, it is struggling to establish itself in public policies and public opinion. However, all it takes is stagnant water – ideal for mosquitoes – and a malaria epidemic can develop.
Deforestation, strong urbanization, and disturbed bats can contaminate mammals. Overuse of antibiotics and resistant viruses are emerging. Environment, health and society are closely linked. How can we advance the idea of “One Health”? Brigitte Autran heads Covars, an independent scientific committee created at the end of the health emergency law, in support of the Minister of Health and Research and the Prime Minister, to help them anticipate health risks .
How did the notion of One Health emerge?
Covid has highlighted the fact that 75% to 80% of emerging infections in humans are of animal origin. To better anticipate this risk, it is necessary to have a joint and parallel analysis of the pathologies likely to emerge from the animal world and be transmitted to humans. Covid-19 was an illustration of this, since we know that the virus emerged in bats. The government therefore considered that it was very important to include this concept of “One Health” in the Covars missions.
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The first interactions between man and animals are extremely old, and we have always known in the history of diseases that major epidemics often originate in the animal world. For example, plague epidemics as we have known them since Antiquity. This reality was highlighted at the beginning of the 21st century with several major epidemics such as SARS. [syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère]in 2002-2004, MERS-CoV [coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient]in 2012, pandemic episodes of influenza originating from birds or the animal world… This concept of One Health was gradually highlighted.
Has the Covid-19 crisis accelerated the consideration of these interactions?
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What are the main challenges in implementing “One Health” initiatives in public health policy?
**Interview with Dr. Brigitte Autran on One Health Initiatives**
**Interviewer:** Thank you for joining us today, Dr. Autran. As the president of Covars, you have a unique perspective on health policies. Can you explain the concept of “One Health” and its significance in today’s world?
**Dr. Brigitte Autran:** Thank you for having me. The “One Health” concept emphasizes the interconnectedness of human health, animal health, and ecosystem health. It recognizes that the health of people is deeply linked to the health of animals and our environment. With the rise of zoonotic diseases, like those we saw during the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become increasingly clear that we must adopt a holistic approach to health to prevent future outbreaks.
**Interviewer:** You mentioned the rise of zoonotic diseases. What role do environmental factors play in this emergence?
**Dr. Brigitte Autran:** Environmental changes such as deforestation, urbanization, and climate change can disrupt habitats and bring humans into closer contact with wildlife, which can increase the risk of disease transmission. For example, stagnant water can become a breeding ground for mosquitoes, potentially leading to malaria outbreaks. Addressing these environmental issues is crucial for mitigating health risks.
**Interviewer:** Despite its importance, “One Health” seems to struggle for recognition in public policy. What are some ways to advance its integration into health strategies?
**Dr. Brigitte Autran:** Increasing awareness and understanding of the interconnections between health sectors is vital. We need stronger collaboration among public health officials, veterinarians, and environmental scientists. Education campaigns that inform the public about these links are necessary. Additionally, policymakers must incorporate “One Health” principles in legislation and funding, ensuring that health systems are adequately prepared for emerging threats.
**Interviewer:** How can organizations like WHO and OHHLEP influence this change?
**Dr. Brigitte Autran:** Organizations like WHO and the One Health High-Level Expert Panel (OHHLEP) play a critical role in shaping global health strategies. By providing guidance on research, sharing best practices, and advocating for resource allocation, they can help countries implement “One Health” initiatives effectively. Their emphasis on collaboration across sectors is essential for a unified response to health crises.
**Interviewer:** what message would you like to leave with our audience regarding the future of “One Health”?
**Dr. Brigitte Autran:** The health of our planet, our animals, and ourselves are inextricably linked. It’s crucial for each of us to understand our role in this interconnected system. By supporting and advocating for “One Health” principles, we can help create healthier communities and a more sustainable world. Together, we can prevent the next epidemic before it begins. Thank you!
**Interviewer:** Thank you, Dr. Autran, for sharing your insights with us today.
