High-level isolated depression, or Dana (Depresion Aislada en Niveles Altos): is the meteorological phenomenon that hit the Valencia region in Spain causing death and destruction. The adoption of the term is a tribute to the Spanish meteorologist Francisco García Dana, who died in 1984. Episodes of intense rain in the areas of the Iberian Mediterranean coast caused by this phenomenon are common and recurrent, but can sometimes extend to other areas of the interior of the peninsula. In Spain, for example, we remember what happened in October 1973 in the provinces of Almería, Granada and Murcia, with rainfall of up to 600 millimeters in 24 hours which caused floods and dozens of deaths.
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Meteorologists explain that this is a common atmospheric phenomenon, which can occur at any time of the year, but is particularly dangerous in the summer and autumn months, when the sea surface temperature is high and there is greater evaporation. Technically, according to the definition of the Spanish State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), it is a «closed depression in height, a pocket of cold air, completely isolated, which moves independently, completely separating itself from the general air circulation system. atmosphere”.
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The formation of a Dana has nothing to do with climate change. This does not mean, however, that its formation, and its consequences, are not influenced by them. The air that the atmospheric event finds on the surface is increasingly warmer and full of greater humidity, deriving from evaporation from the sea. This causes the storms it can generate to discharge with greater violence and intensity. According to a study by World Weather Attribution, climate change has increased the chances that Greece will suffer similar events by 10% and that tragic events such as the flood that devastated the north of the country in September 2023 could be repeated in Libya by 50%. .
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**Interview: Understanding the Impact of High-Level Isolated Depression (Dana)**
*Host*: Good evening, everyone. Tonight, we delve into a pressing topic that has recently troubled the Valencia region in Spain—High-Level Isolated Depression, or ‘Dana.’ Joining us is meteorologist Dr. Elena Martínez, an expert on atmospheric phenomena. Thank you for being here, Dr. Martínez.
*Dr. Elena Martínez*: Thank you for having me.
*Host*: Let’s start with the basics. What exactly is a High-Level Isolated Depression, and why is it significant?
*Dr. Martínez*: High-Level Isolated Depression, or Dana, is a meteorological phenomenon characterized by a closed pocket of cold air at high altitudes that moves independently. This can lead to intense rainfall, which we’ve unfortunately seen cause significant destruction, such as in the recent events in Valencia.
*Host*: Can you explain how these occurrences differ from regular storms?
*Dr. Martínez*: Certainly. While typical storms are associated with larger weather systems, Dana is isolated. It can occur at any time but is particularly dangerous during the summer and autumn months due to higher sea surface temperatures, which result in greater evaporation and, consequently, more moisture available for precipitation.
*Host*: You’ve mentioned the historical context of Dana. What can you tell us about its past impacts?
*Dr. Martínez*: There have been numerous incidents linked to Dana. For example, in October 1973, areas like Almería, Granada, and Murcia faced catastrophic floods with rainfall topping 600 millimeters in just 24 hours, leading to devastating consequences including loss of life. The recurrence of such phenomena emphasizes the importance of preparedness.
*Host*: What measures can communities take to mitigate risks from such powerful weather events?
*Dr. Martínez*: Early warning systems are crucial. Communities need to stay informed through alerts from meteorological services like AEMET. Additionally, urban planning should consider flood defenses and drainage systems to manage excess water effectively.
*Host*: Thank you, Dr. Martínez, for shedding light on this important topic. It’s crucial for everyone to understand these phenomena to better prepare and respond.
*Dr. Martínez*: My pleasure, thank you for raising awareness.
*Host*: That’s all for tonight’s discussion on High-Level Isolated Depression, Dana. Stay safe and informed. Good night!
