2023-07-23 08:03:54
A new space telescope called ‘Euclid’ was launched on July 1st (local time) to reveal the identity of dark matter and dark energy that remain enigmatic in the universe. The European Space Agency (ESA) launched the Euclid space telescope on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA. After take-off, Euclid was successfully separated from the rocket outside the atmosphere, and it is scheduled to fly regarding 1.5 million km over the next month to move to the second Lagrangian point (L2) and enter test operation for 7 months. The second Lagrangian point is considered one of the best places for space observation because the gravitational forces of the earth and the sun are in balance, and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is also conducting observations at this point. Artist’s rendering of the Euclid Space Telescope making observations at the second Lagrangian point. Photo = The European Space Agency’s Euclid Telescope is 4.7m high, 3.5m wide and 1.2m in diameter, much smaller than the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). But Euclid’s mission is by no means small. By 2029, Euclid will observe up to 2 billion galaxies spread across more than a third of the universe and create a 3D map of the universe. To this end, two instruments are used: the visible light observer (VIS), which observes the shape of galaxies, and the near-infrared spectrometer and photometer (NISP), which can measure the location of galaxies by observing the redshift phenomenon. With this, the goal is to uncover the secrets of dark matter and dark energy, and how the universe was formed. Currently, scientists believe that there is only regarding 5% of ordinary matter in the universe that can be observed in visible light, and the remaining 95% is composed of dark matter and dark energy, unknown to mankind. This is because it was impossible to capture it with the observation equipment developed so far. So how might Euclid find dark matter and dark energy? Euclid plans to indirectly confirm dark matter by analyzing the phenomenon of gravitational lensing. Gravitational lensing is when light from galaxies or stars that are billions of light years away is slightly distorted by the gravity of other galaxies or stars in the middle. It is to use the core of dark matter, mass and gravity, to determine its existence. Scientists believe that Euclid will provide new clues that will help track dark matter and help uncover the evolution of galaxies and black holes. Yannick Mellier, PhD, at the Paris Institute of Astrophysics. <네이처>“Euclidean’s observations might be a revolution in understanding the physical laws of nature.”
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