2023-10-09 09:59:49
The American economist Claudia Goldin was a pioneer of economic studies with a gender focus (EFE/Luis Tejido)
The Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded on Monday to American economist Claudia Goldin for helping to understand the role of women in the labor market.
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The Harvard professor was awarded “for having contributed to improving our understanding of women’s outcomes in the labor market,” according to the jury of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Goldin is the third woman to receive the award, following the American Elinor Ostrom (2009) and the French Esther Duflo (2019).
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“Understanding the role of women in the labor market is important for society. Thanks to Claudia Goldin’s pioneering research, we now know much more regarding the underlying factors and what barriers may need to be addressed in the future,” said Jakob Svensson, Chair of the Economic Sciences Prize Committee.
Goldin’s research covers a wide range of topics, including the female workforce, the gender earnings gap, income inequality, technological change, education, and immigration. Her book “Career & Family: Women’s Century-Long Journey toward Equity” was published on October 5, 2021.
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According to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Claudia Goldin demonstrated that female participation in the labor market did not have an upward trend over a period of 200 years, but rather forms a U-shaped curve.
“Married women’s participation declined with the transition from an agrarian to an industrial society in the early 19th century, but then began to increase with the growth of the service sector in the early 20th century. “Goldin explains this pattern as the result of structural change and evolving social norms regarding women’s responsibilities in the home and family,” the committee said in a statement.
“During the 20th century, women’s education levels rose continually, and in most high-income countries they are now substantially higher than those of men,” she added. “Claudia Goldin demonstrated that access to the birth control pill played an important role in accelerating this revolutionary change by offering new career planning opportunities.”
Goldin conducted her research as co-director of the Gender in Economics Study Group at the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and director of the NBER’s Development of the American Economy program from 1989 to 2017.
She was also president of the American Economic Association in the 2013-14 academic year. In 1990, Goldin became the first woman tenured in Harvard’s economics department.
The economics prize was created in 1968 by the Central Bank of Sweden and is formally known as the Bank of Sweden Prize for Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.
Last year’s winners were Ben Bernanke, former Chairman of the Federal Reserve, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip Dybvig, for their investigations into bank failures, which helped shape the aggressive US response to the 2007-2008 financial crisis. .
Only two of the 92 previous honorees have been women.
The prize follows those for medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace, announced last week.
A week ago, the Hungarian-American Katalin Karikó and the American Drew Weissman won the Nobel Prize in Medicine. The Physics prize went on Tuesday to the French-Swedish physicist Anne L’Huillier, the French scientist Pierre Agostini and the Hungarian Ferenc Krausz.
American scientists Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus and Alexei Ekimov won the Chemistry prize on Wednesday. They were followed by the Norwegian writer Jon Fosse, winner of the literature prize. And on Friday, imprisoned Iranian activist Narges Mohammadi won the peace prize.
The awards are presented in December in Oslo and Stockholm. They are endowed with 11 million Swedish crowns (regarding one million dollars). Winners also receive an 18-karat gold medal and a diploma.
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