2023-08-09 20:00:34
Lung cancer is the most common cancer in Hong Kong and the number one killer. Malignant lung tumors occur when normal cells in the lung become cancerous; there are many different types of lung cancer with different characteristics. Common symptoms include cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, chest pain, hoarseness, and headache, venous thrombosis in the upper body, and swelling of the head, neck, and upper extremities. Lung cancer is located in the “lung apex” (Lung apex), where it affects the nerve cords and can cause pain in the arms, shoulders, or neck, drooping eyelids, blurred vision, and muscle weakness in the hands. Lung cancer cells affect hormone production, which can lead to other symptoms, such as electrolyte imbalances.
If lung cancer is suspected, a simple chest X-ray can be taken first; further examinations include detailed blood tests, computer scans (CT scans) and positron emission tomography scans (PET scans). Biopsy can help diagnose lung cancer and make pathological classification. Molecular gene analysis can help select appropriate treatment drugs, including targeted drugs or immunotherapy. For biopsy, bronchoscopy or computer scanning navigator needle puncture can be used.
The doctor will stage the lung cancer according to the extent of the spread of the cancer cells. If there is no sign of spread in the early stage of lung cancer, surgical resection may be considered. Other options include radiotherapy (Radiotherapy) and drug treatment. Chemotherapy directly kills cancer cells, while Targeted therapy targets specific changes in certain genes and proteins of cancer cells. There may be a large amount of PDL1 protein on the surface of cancer cells to protect cancer cells from the patient’s immune T-cell attack; “PDL1 inhibitor” (PDL1 inhibitor) can effectively break through this “golden bell” and restore the patient’s immune anti-cancer function.
Individual lung cancer patients may need other supportive treatment, such as painkillers and cough medicines; “pleural effusion” (pleural effusion) will affect breathing, and “pleural drainage” (pleural drainage) can be considered, which can effectively relieve the condition.
Prevention is better than cure. Smoking greatly increases the risk of lung cancer. Refusing to smoke is the most effective way to prevent cancer. If you already have a smoking habit, quitting smoking immediately can greatly reduce the risk of lung cancer.
(This column is published every Thursday)
Written by: Leung Hsien-sun Hematology and Hematology Oncology Physician
Column Name: Medical Qing Medical Conditions
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Lung cancer is the most common cancer in Hong Kong and the number one killer. Malignant lung tumors occur when normal cells in the lung become cancerous; there are many different types of lung cancer with different characteristics. Common symptoms include cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, chest pain, hoarseness, and headache, venous thrombosis in the upper body, and swelling of the head, neck, and upper extremities.lung cancer
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