Understanding Leukemia: Types, Causes, Symptoms and Risk Factors

2023-11-11 15:00:00

05:00 PM Saturday 11 November 2023

Written by: Shaima Morsi

The young singer Sherif Shaker died yesterday evening, Friday, after a struggle with leukemia.

In this regard, we monitor for you the types, causes, and symptoms of leukemia, according to the Cleveland Clinic website.

What is it ?

Leukemia is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal blood cells and occurs in the bone marrow, where most of the body’s blood is made.

Leukemia cells are usually immature white blood cells, and unlike other types, leukemia does not generally form a mass (tumor) that shows up on imaging tests, such as X-rays or CT scans.

There are many types of leukemia, some of which are more common in children and adults, and treatment depends on the type and other factors.

Types:

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL):

It is the most common type of leukemia in children, teenagers, and young adults up to age 39, and it affects adults of any age.

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML):

It is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults and older people (aged over 65 years), and it may also occur in children.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL):

It is most common in adults and symptoms may not appear for several years.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML):

It is most common in older people, but it affects adults at any age. It rarely occurs in children, and symptoms may not appear for several years.

the reasons:

Leukemia begins when the DNA of one cell in the bone marrow changes (mutates).

It is the DNA that tells the cell when to grow, how to develop, and when to die. Because of the mutation, leukemia cells continue to multiply, and all cells emerging from the original mutant also contain the mutated DNA.

Symptoms:

Tired

Fever or night sweats

Recurrent infections

shortness of breath

Pale skin

Unexplained weight loss

Bone or joint pain

Pain under your ribs on the left side

Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, underarm, groin, or stomach, or an enlarged spleen or liver

Easy bruising and bleeding, including nose and gum bleeds, and a rash that looks like small red spots in the skin or purple or dark skin patches

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People most at risk of infection:

Who have received previous cancer treatment:

Previous cancer treatments that included radiation or chemotherapy may increase your risk of developing some types of leukemia.

Smoking:

If you have a history of or are exposed to secondhand smoke, you are at increased risk of developing acute myelogenous leukemia.

Exposure to industrial chemicals:

Benzene and formaldehyde are cancer-causing chemicals found in building materials and household chemicals. They are also used in the manufacture of plastics, rubber, dyes, pesticides, medicines, and detergents. Formaldehyde is found in building materials and household products such as soap, shampoo, and cleaning products.

Some genetic disorders:

Genetic disorders, such as neurofibromatosis, Klinefelter syndrome, and Schoachman Diamond and Down syndrome, may increase your risk.

Family history of leukemia:

Research suggests that some types of leukemia may run in families, however, in most cases having a relative with leukemia does not mean that you or a loved one will also have it.

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