2023-08-27 13:00:00
Interstitial cystitis can occur when either the protective layer of the bladder mucosa or one of the nerves is out of order. However, the exact cause has not yet been identified. Getty Image Bank
‘When I pee, I get a sore feeling. Urinating in the bladder also causes pain. My bottom hurts so much I thought it was vaginitis, so I went to the gynecologist, but I mightn’t find the cause.’
It is most likely ‘interstitial cystitis’. Interstitial cystitis is a chronic cystitis disease caused by various causes. Accompanied by one or more symptoms of abnormal urination, such as urinary urgency or frequency.
The causes of interstitial cystitis have not yet been clarified, but chronic infection by bacteria or viruses, changes in the permeability of bladder epithelial cells, bladder infiltration of immune cells that cause acute inflammation, autoimmune diseases, stress, and hormonal abnormalities are cited as causes.
Chronic bladder pain can reduce quality of life as much as cancer pain. Previously, even doctors regarded the pain as recurring frequently due to psychological factors, and treated it with tranquilizers or antibiotics.
As a result of studying patients who complained of recurrent pain related to urination, it was found that there was no obvious bacterial infection in the urine and there were no other abnormalities in the bladder that might cause pain.
It is not ‘infection’, but ‘inflammation’ such as allergy, atopy, or rheumatoid arthritis. It lasts for more than a few weeks, so it’s chronic, and it’s a strange disease that doesn’t know what the cause of inflammation is.
Yun Ha-na, a professor of urology at Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, said, “When examining the bladder of a patient with interstitial cystitis, there is a severe inflammatory reaction between the tissues that should not be present in the bladder tissue, and sometimes the bladder mucosa is peeling red or congested.”
The main symptoms of interstitial cystitis are complaints of frequent urination and urination, and urine tests show no bacteria, only red blood cells or white blood cells.
Professor Yun Ha-na said, “It is normal to urinate four to six times a day, or 250 to 350㏄ at a time.” ” he said.
If you suffer from interstitial cystitis, the pain continues for several days, and the patient’s body and mind are exhausted. The exact cause of the outbreak is not known, but it is necessary to find a specialist and receive treatment to reduce pain quickly.
Professor Yun Ha-na said, “Treatment is to suppress the unnecessary inflammatory response of the bladder, so that you can hold it well without pain when urinating. The treatment of injecting drugs into the bladder is also carried out steadily to reduce the inflammatory reaction.”
If chronic atopic dermatitis is not treated, the skin becomes hard like a turtle shell, and if interstitial cystitis is not treated, the bladder, which was elastic like a balloon, becomes hard like a leather bag and the amount of urine that can be filled is extremely reduced.
Professor Yun Ha-na said, “If interstitial cystitis is left untreated, urine in the bladder flows back to the kidneys, and the amount of urine is less than 100㏄, and frequent urination is caused by pain, so secondary bladder infections become frequent.”
If interstitial cystitis is diagnosed late following repeating antibiotic treatment for several years for simple cystitis, bladder elasticity is damaged and hardened (bladder sclerosis), which can damage the kidneys and cause chronic kidney disease.
Professor Yun Ha-na said, “We remove the bladder that has lost bladder function and make a bladder with intestines to increase the bladder volume or create an artificial bladder.” The recovery is fast enough that I can go to work,” he said.
Daeik Kwon Medical Reporter dkwon@hankookilbo.com
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