2024-02-21 12:00:16
Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and Northwestern Medicine may have found a way around the limitations of engineered T cells by borrowing a few tricks from cancer itself. The new technique used made human T cells 100 times more effective at killing cancer cells.
By studying mutations in malignant T cells that cause lymphoma, they identified a mutation that gave the modified T cells exceptional effectiveness. Inserting a gene encoding this unique mutation into normal human T cells made them more than 100 times more effective at killing cancer cells without any signs of toxicity (La toxicité (du grec toxicity…).
While current immunotherapies only work once morest blood and bone marrow cancers, T cells engineered by Northwestern and UCSF have been able to kill tumors derived from the skin, lungs andstomach (The stomach (in ancient Greek στόμαχος) is the…) at the mouse (The term mouse is an ambiguous vernacular name which can designate, for French speakers, before…). The team has already started work on testing this new approach in humans.
“We used the sheet of route (The word “road” derives from the Latin (via) rupta, literally “way…) of nature to improve T cell therapies,” said Dr. Jaehyuk Choi, associate professor of dermatology (Dermatology is the branch of medicine that deals with the skin, mucous membranes and…) and of biochemistry (Biochemistry is the scientific discipline that studies chemical reactions taking place…) et genetics (Genetics (from the Greek genno γεννώ = to give birth) is…) molecular research at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. “The superpower that makes cancer cells so strong can be transferred into T-cell therapies to make them powerful enough to eliminate what were once incurable cancers.”
“Mutations underlying the resilience and adaptability of cancer cells can overwhelm T cells to survive and thrive in the harsh conditions created by tumors,” he said. said Kole Roybal, associate professor of microbiology andimmunology (Immunology is the branch of biology which deals with the study of the system…) at UCSF, director of the Parker Institute for Cancer (Cancer is a disease characterized by abnormal cell proliferation…) Immunotherapy à UCSF.
Creating effective immunotherapies has, to date, proven difficult once morest most cancers because the tumor creates a environment (The environment is everything that surrounds us. It is all of the natural elements and…) focused on maintaining it, diverting resources such asoxygène (Oxygen is a chemical element from the chalcogen family,…) and nutrients to its advantage. Often, tumors hijack the immune system (An organism’s immune system is a coordinated set of elements…) of the body, pushing it to defend the cancer instead of attacking it. Not only does this impair the ability of ordinary T cells to target cancer cells, but it also compromises the effectiveness of engineered T cells used in immunotherapies, which draw quickly once morest the tumor’s defenses. “For cell-based treatments to work in these conditions,” Roybal said, “we need to give healthy T cells capabilities that go beyond what they can naturally achieve.” The Northwestern and UCSF teams then examined 71 mutations found in patients with T-cell lymphoma and identified those that might improve engineered T-cell therapies in specific models. mouse tumors. Eventually, they isolated one that proved to be both potent and non-toxic, putting it through a rigorous series of safety tests.
“Our findings allow T cells to kill multiple types of cancer,” said Choi, a member of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center at Northwestern University. This approach appears to work better than anything discovered to date.
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