2023-09-22 08:46:30
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Crohn’s disease: the trail of the oral microbiota
Crohn’s disease affects nearly 4 million people worldwide and its causes remain unknown. The intestinal microbiome trail has been widely explored. Some studies show that affected people have deficiencies of the Clostridium leptum bacterial group; others observe an over-representation of certain bacterial strains, in particular Escherichia coli called AIEC (in French, adherent and invasive E. coli), present in at least 40% of patients. AIECs can pass through the mucus that lines the intestinal walls, triggering an immune response and inflammation that contributes to disease symptoms.
Research shows that bacteria in the mouth may play a role in the disease. This is the case of Veillonella parvula, whose abundant presence researchers have observed in the intestines of patients. The study shows that V. parvula has found a way to live in the lower part of the intestine. For researchers, the challenge would be to find bacteria responsible for Crohn’s disease – and whose natural environment is the intestine –, in the mouth. If this were the case, it would allow the development of tests that would only require a saliva sample to diagnose the disease. No more biopsy or stool sample. And another avenue is available to researchers: find out if the oral microbiome can be the cause of the disease.
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