In recent years, electronic shifting has emerged as one of the most significant advancements in the cycling industry, and it’s fascinating to reflect on the groundbreaking early designs that came from Mavic, rather than the more commonly recognized manufacturers like Shimano, SRAM, or Campagnolo.
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Currently, electronic shifting – a technology that allows cyclists to change gears using electronic buttons instead of mechanical cable levers – has permeated the cycling world, especially within the realm of road biking. This innovation is particularly dominant among professional cyclists, but also extends to the masses, with SRAM offering electronic shifting options starting from their fourth-tier Apex components and higher. Meanwhile, Campagnolo has introduced advanced systems like the Super Record Wireless and the recently released Super Record S Wireless components. Additionally, FSA has entered the space with its K-Force WE electronic drivetrain, and numerous affordable electronic shifting systems are emerging from Chinese brands like L-Twoo and Wheeltop, expanding accessibility to this technology.
> Check out our review of Wheeltop EDS-TX Wireless Carbon Electronic Shifters and Derailleurs
Shimano first unveiled its Di2 (Digital Integrated Intelligence) trekking components back in 2001. However, it wasn’t until the 2009 product year that Shimano integrated electronic shifting into its dedicated road bike lineup, marking a significant milestone in cycling technology. Today, Shimano continues to expand its offerings, providing Di2 electronic components down to the third-tier 105 model, with expectations of more advancements on the horizon.
Pics from Mavic
During the 1990s, the landscape of cycling groupsets looked remarkably different from what it is today. In a surprising turn of events, France’s Mavic, a brand primarily known for its high-quality wheels, emerged as a pioneer in electronic shifting technology. In 1992, Mavic innovated an electrically controlled derailleur, which was tested in the prestigious Tour de France by the Once and RMO teams.
The subsequent year saw the launch of Mavic’s ZMS – Zap Mavic System, which was revolutionary as the first microprocessor-driven rear derailleur (the front derailleur, however, still relied on traditional cable mechanics). Although this system was a precursor to modern electronic shifting, it allowed riders to change gears using two buttons situated on the handlebar. A microprocessor located in the handlebars transmitted the command to a solenoid in the rear derailleur, which, upon activation, released a ratcheting bar to facilitate gear changes. Notably, this bar would only move while the rider was pedaling, adding a layer of complexity to the design.
One of the key advantages of electronic shifting lies in its flexibility to install multiple switches performing the same function. For example, Shimano has created sprint and climbing shifters, while SRAM offers customizable Blips that can be positioned in various locations for effortless gear changes, particularly advantageous in time trials where access to traditional shifters may be limited.
Chris Boardman famously utilized Mavic’s electronic shifting system to secure the yellow jersey by winning the prologues (short time trials) of the Tour de France in both 1994 and 1997 while riding for the GAN team. Ultimately, Mavic recognized that the Zap system fell short of the industry’s standards, leading to a suspension of production. Nonetheless, this initial foray into electronic components paved the way for continued research and development in derailleur technology.
In 1999, Mavic advanced its electronic shifting efforts with the introduction of the Mektronic system, which marked a departure from traditional wiring by employing digitally-coded radio waves to transmit signals between components. This cutting-edge system featured controls integrated into the hand grips, along with a multifunction onboard computer mounted on the handlebar that displayed various metrics like speed, distance, elapsed time, and the current gear sprocket.
While the control power was sourced from a battery, the shifting mechanism drew energy from the chain itself. Despite gaining a following among enthusiasts, the Mektronic system ultimately succumbed to reliability issues, with shifts often being unacceptably slow, leading to its discontinuation. Today, Mavic no longer manufactures shifters or derailleurs, but its pioneering efforts in wireless electronic shifting during the last century stand as a significant historical milestone that inspired competitors to advance the technology further.
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**Interview with Cycling Technology Expert, Dr. Alex Thompson**
**Editor:** Good afternoon, Dr. Thompson. Thank you for joining us to discuss the evolution of electronic shifting in cycling.
**Dr. Thompson:** Thank you for having me!
**Editor:** Let’s begin with the historical context. Many cyclists associate electronic shifting primarily with brands like Shimano and SRAM. However, you recently highlighted Mavic’s early contributions to this technology. Could you elaborate on their pioneering efforts?
**Dr. Thompson:** Absolutely. While Shimano’s Di2 is often hailed as the inaugural electronic shifting system in the road biking arena, Mavic was actually at the forefront back in the early 1990s. Their electrically controlled derailleur was tested by professional teams during races like the Tour de France. In 1993, Mavic released the Zap Mavic System, which was revolutionary for its time, featuring a microprocessor that allowed riders to shift gears with buttons on their handlebars.
**Editor:** That’s fascinating! How did the mechanics of Mavic’s system differ from what we see in modern electronic shifting?
**Dr. Thompson:** Mavic’s system was quite complex and featured a rear derailleur controlled by a microprocessor. It utilized a solenoid to facilitate shifts, which would only engage while the rider was pedaling. This was much different from today’s systems, which are more streamlined and efficient. For instance, current options like Shimano’s Di2 have simplified user interfaces and provide wireless functionality, which enhances convenience significantly.
**Editor:** Speaking of convenience, how has the introduction of electronic shifting systems impacted road biking, particularly among professional cyclists?
**Dr. Thompson:** The impact has been profound. Electronic shifting systems offer precise and reliable gear changes, which is critical during competitive events. Plus, the ability to customize button configurations allows athletes to adapt the system to their preferences, improving their overall riding experience. More recently, brands like SRAM and Campagnolo have expanded options down to more budget-friendly tiers, making this technology accessible to a broader audience.
**Editor:** It seems like Mavic set a precedent that many brands are still building upon today. What do you think we can expect in the future of electronic shifting?
**Dr. Thompson:** The future will likely bring further advancements in wireless technology, greater battery life, and improved integration with cycling computers and smart devices. There’s also a big push toward affordability with new entrants in the market from brands like L-Twoo and Wheeltop, which could democratize this technology even further.
**Editor:** Thank you, Dr. Thompson, for sharing your insights on the history and future of electronic shifting in cycling. It’s clear that Mavic’s innovations laid the groundwork for what we now consider a standard feature in modern bikes.
**Dr. Thompson:** It was a pleasure! The evolution of this technology is a testament to cycling’s innovative spirit.
**Editor:** And that wraps up our interview. Thank you all for tuning in!
Anges, which can be crucial during competitive racing. Professional cyclists appreciate the ability to shift gears effortlessly and with precision, allowing them to focus more on their performance rather than mechanical issues. Moreover, the integration of customizable buttons for different riding scenarios—like sprinting or climbing—has given riders greater control and adaptability on the road, ultimately enhancing their performance in races.
**Editor:** It seems that accessibility has also increased. How have brands like SRAM and Campagnolo contributed to making electronic shifting more available to the average cyclist?
**Dr. Thompson:** That’s a great point! Brands like SRAM and Campagnolo have worked hard to democratize this technology. SRAM’s Apex line, which is their entry-level offering, includes electronic shifting options, making it accessible for more casual riders. Campagnolo’s moves, with options like the Super Record Wireless, also show a push towards integrating electronic components at various price points. Additionally, we’re seeing a rise in affordable systems from emerging brands, further broadening access and encouraging more cyclists to experience the benefits of electronic shifting.
**Editor:** Looking ahead, what do you predict is next for electronic shifting technology?
**Dr. Thompson:** The future is certainly exciting! We can anticipate further advancements in wireless connectivity and battery efficiency. As technology continues to evolve, we might see more integration with smart cycling tools, possibly including features like real-time gear recommendations based on terrain or personal performance metrics. This could revolutionize not only competitive cycling but also recreational biking, making the sport more approachable and enjoyable.
**Editor:** Wonderful insights, Dr. Thompson! Thank you for sharing your expertise on this transformative technology in cycling.
**Dr. Thompson:** Thank you for having me!