The phenomenon of fraud between Arabic literature and Hebrew shrines
Written by Zainab Mohamed Abdel-Rahim *
Researcher in folklore and popular culture
Fraud in the language combines prevention and urgency, and this word was used extensively in the Abbasid era, referring to the intensity of the question and urgency. Fraud has many forms such as swindling, begging, swindling, parasitism and theft. Fraudsters spread and set up nets and use their tricks and machinations to get what they want. Some of them defraud for money, food, or achieving a social goal. The phenomenon of fraud is widespread in all societies, and society has known The Arabs have been this phenomenon since the pre-Islamic era, and these crooks were known as tramps, and they spread corruption in the land, stealing and plundering.
And in the Abbasid era, this phenomenon increased dramatically and exaggeratedly because of injustice, poverty, and the acquisition of money and wealth by the upper classes at the expense of the toiling classes. the thieves . The phenomenon of fraud is a phenomenon that is considered the mouthpiece of society, especially in the Abbasid era, which made many poor people resort to fraud in order to obtain food and gain.
And since literature is considered the mirror of society, literature has expressed this phenomenon and it appeared in many books of Arab heritage, where authors wrote complete books on begging and bribery and everything related to fraudsters. About the fraudsters, as some considered Al-Jahiz’s books as the constitution of the clever and the caliber because of the accurate description of their qualities and their machinations.
And in the Book of Misers, Al-Jahiz was able to present the true image of misers and their methods of fraud to obtain their purposes. If misers are unable to hide misers, they resort to fallacies, interpretations, and overturning concepts. If misers are economy, and if thrifty is good management, and so they call things without their names.
Al-Jahiz singled out several stories regarding misers, among which we mention the story of “the people of Basra from the mosques” and the mosques: they are a sect of the poor and misers that used to stick to the mosques of Basra and take them as a field for study and discussion, where they held a meeting for the misers in which they tell their stories and study the issues of miserliness and recommend it. And in this story, Al-Jahiz says: Our mosque companions said: People gathered in the mosque who impersonate frugality in spending from the owners of collecting and preventing, and this doctrine has become for them like lineage that unites on love, and if they meet, they remember this door and discuss it, seeking benefit and enjoying its remembrance.
Fraud in Hebrew literature, as it was greatly influenced by Arabic literature, and fraud literature appeared in the art of maqama and was portrayed by many Jewish writers who were influenced by the art of Arabic maqama.
In the book Al-Tasali, by Yusuf bin Meir bin Zabara, he portrayed fraud in his shrines through personalities characterized by this quality and mentioned, for example, the cleric who is supposed to be an example of morals and chastity, but some of them resort to fraud and fraud in order to achieve personal benefits.
This type was disclosed by Ibn Zubarah, and the arrows of criticism were directed at him, and the clergyman appeared in his disgraceful image, as this man stole the dowry of the bride of his neighbor’s daughter, so Ibn Zubarah blames him for his fraud, and in another place Ibn Zubarah criticizes most of the clergy (rabbis) and warns people once morest them He describes them as deceitful and hypocritical, and says regarding them in one of his articles: Most of them are thieves, so do not trust their words because they are liars, they commit adultery with women, they commit adultery, and they take their friends’ money as lawful, and they are partners of the devils, pretending to be love, and lying fills their mouths, and they do not know their left from their right, and they pray all day long. They do not know who to pray to and raise their hands, and they do not know to whom they raise them. (translated from the Hebrew)
And from the foregoing, it is clear that fraud has its people and its system, where the fraudsters plan everything in order to lure the victim into a trap, and that the literary works that dealt with the topics of fraud try to direct an invitation to reform the state of society, which is a bitter mockery of social falsehood, hypocrisy and rants With honor and adherence to respect to hide the moral collapse of honorable respected.
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- Egyptian researcher Zeinab Mohamed Abdel-Rahim is a writer and researcher in folklore, popular culture, and cultural heritage
The phenomenon of fraud between Arabic literature and the Hebrew standing by Zainab Muhammad Abd al-Rahim * Fraud in the language combines prevention and urgency, and this word was used frequently in the Abbasid era, referring to the intensity of the question and urgency. Fraud has many forms such as swindling, begging, swindling, parasitism and theft. Fraudsters spread and set up nets and use their tricks and machinations to get what they want. Some of them defraud for money, food, or achieving a social goal. The phenomenon of fraud is widespread in all societies, and society has known The Arabs have been this phenomenon since the pre-Islamic era, and these crooks were known as tramps, and they spread corruption…
The phenomenon of fraud between Arabic literature and Hebrew shrines
The phenomenon of fraud between Arabic literature and Hebrew shrines
2023-04-14
The Y news
