2023-08-31 08:24:23
Rumors of a strong solar storm by 2025 have circulated online. In August, the cited space agency, NASA, issued a statement saying that never announced this information A current that spreads with panic The topic is about the impact of a solar storm that could cause the global internet to collapse for months. The Parker Solar Probe began in 2018 to study the sun and space weather. And still no connection to the rumors that are currently trending in online media What is a solar storm? and how did it happen A solar storm is an informal term for the effects of activity on the Sun. which has a strong release of energy along with emitting high-energy particles, both electrons and protons ESA&NASA/SOHO illustration. Causes of solar storms can be classified into 4 types. 1. Solar wind Solar wind is caused by the expansion of the corona on the Sun with higher heat energy. The increased expansion causes some particles to escape from the sun’s gravitational pull in all directions, covering the solar system. This phenomenon occurs at the north and south poles of the Sun where there are large coronal cavities. While the solar wind that occurs near the Sun’s equator has a slow speed. The solar wind generated by the expansion of the corona has an initial average speed of 450 km/s, thereafter increasing to 800 km/s. When the amount and speed of the particles are many times more intense than usual. will become a solar storm Solar flare image / ESA&NASA/SOHO Illustrations 2. A solar flare A solar flare is caused by a violent explosion in the Sun’s chromosphere. And usually occurs over the junction between the poles of the magnetic field. such as the center of the double black spot or among clusters of black dots with turbulent magnetic fields The explosion releases intense energy in the form of light and various electromagnetic waves. 3. Coronal mass ejection (CME) Astronomers do not yet know exactly how this type of solar activity occurs. And it often arises from other phenomena that occur at the lower corona level. Most found Occurs in conjunction with solar flares. and prominence Sometimes they can occur without these two phenomena at all. The coronal ejection frequency also varies with the solar cycle. Close to the bottom of the cycle, the sun may be born about once a week. If it is near the peak of the solar cycle It may occur as often as two or three times a day. 4. High-energy particles from the sun. High-energy particles from the Sun (Geomagnetic storms) can occur in two ways, one with solar flares. The second is caused by a high-velocity coronal ejection that travels through the solar wind, creating a shock wave. High-energy solar particles are generated in this shock wave region. Sunspots that occur on the Sun A large black hole is shown / Illustration NAOJ/NASA/Hinode How do solar storms affect Earth In general, solar storms do not directly affect life on Earth. This is because Earth’s atmosphere and magnetic field act as a shield against high-energy particles from the Sun. or in a spaceship orbiting outside the world There may be a greater risk of harm from solar storms. For a long time scientists on Earth have been trying to study the activity on the Sun. Solar storms are a notable physics phenomenon, as high-energy particles generated by solar activity affect satellite technology in use today. The energy of the sun’s particles may interfere with communications. and data transmission between satellites and control stations on the ground. and if it happens with communication satellites It may cause the telecommunication network system to have problems. Technological systems that may be affected by solar storms / illustration NASA The phenomenon of a solar storm that once damaged the world. Happened in June 1989, the world received a strong solar storm that caused the power system of Quebec City, Canada to malfunction for 9 hours, back to another event in 1859, the solar storm blew The telegraph system was thrashed until it caused a short circuit. And many fires in Europe today, scientists examine and predict the intensity by surveying the darkspots on the sun due to the hand or sunspots. Caused by the variability of the magnetic field on the sun. When scientists detect a large number of dark spots It is possible that more electric current particles and will result in a greater intensity of particle emission. The severity of the solar storm therefore depends on the following 3 factors: 1. Sunspot, which is an area of the sun’s surface that has a lower temperature than other areas. And is an area where the magnetic field from the sun can penetrate from the sun into outer space, so when an explosion occurs at the sun’s surface in this area The stream of particles is ejected along this line of magnetic force towards the Earth. And when the stream of particles from the sunspot hits the upper atmosphere of the Earth It will strike electrically charged particles in the Earth’s upper atmosphere (ionosphere). Such collisions will generate charge currents that have a huge influence on radio communications. Patterns of Frequency and Intensity of Solar Activity Affecting Earth / NASA/Berkley Illustrations 2. Influences that fluctuate space between Earth and the Sun In the event of a solar storm The Earth’s atmosphere may be exposed to 1,000 times more than normal X-rays, with the influence of X-rays ejecting electrons from compounds and elements. and because these electrons are electrically charged If colliding with objects related to electrical circuits It may damage the electronic circuit. 3. When the hot gas escapes to the earth. which carries a magnetic field Has a direct effect on the distortion of the Earth’s magnetic field. and when the earth’s magnetic field is abnormal Electricity will flow throughout the Earth’s atmosphere. expands the atmosphere and continued to cause spacecraft and satellites to slow down fall into low-level orbit In addition, NASA also stated that every 11 years, the Sun’s magnetic poles will reverse. This causes sunspots to release enormous amounts of energy into space. And subsequently causing various rays, such as gamma rays and X-rays, causing “blackspots” on the sun’s surface to emit enormous energy in space in the form of electromagnetic waves, producing various types of radiation such as gamma and x-rays However, NASA goes on to say that From the study of past sunspots Still can not determine whether the effects of solar storms will become the cause of the collapse of the world’s communications technology. This is because the energy of particles from solar storms does not last long enough to damage the atmosphere. and the Earth’s magnetic field Searched and compiled Napatradanai, illustrations, Nasa references.
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