The virus consists of ribonucleoproteins, a polymerase complex (enzymes PB2, PB1, PA), non-structural proteins (NS1 and NS2), matrix structural proteins (capsid) and an outer double lipid envelope (supercapsid) with two types of “spikes” protruding above it – external antigens hemagglutinin (HA or H) and neuraminidase (NA or N).
A subtypes are classified by antibody response to HA and NA. The A(H3) influenza virus is one of the types most commonly associated with seasonal influenza. The flu season usually starts in the 40th week of the year and ends in the 20th week of the following year. The A(H3) virus was detected this year in the 39th week, which is earlier than the seasonal flu should start.
There are more types
Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family, which has three genera: Influenzavirus A, B and C. Influenza A virus is pathogenic to humans, wild and domestic waterfowl, and mammals. In the human population, this type of virus causes pandemics and epidemics. Influenza B virus spreads in the human population. Influenza C virus is pathogenic in humans and pigs, but causes only isolated illnesses and small outbreaks.
Influenza A is subtyped into H1N1 (Spanish flu 1918 and swine flu 2009), H2N2 (Asian flu 1957), H3N2 (Hong Kong flu 1968), H5N1 (bird flu 2004), H7N7, H1N2 (endemic in humans, pigs and birds), H9N2 , H7N2, H7N3, H10N7, H7N9.
Influenza B is subtyped into Victoria and Yamagata.
Danger
Influenza viruses, including viruses of the A(H3) subtype, can change through genetic mutations. If new variants of the virus appear that the body cannot control, epidemics can occur. Symptoms of A(H3) flu can be more severe than some other types of flu. These include high temperature, severe cough, sore throat, fatigue and muscle aches. The flu can affect the respiratory tract and make you more susceptible to other bacterial or viral infections, causing a bacterial or viral inflammation of the lungs called pneumonia. This is one of the most serious complications of the flu.
Influenza A(H3) is one of the most common variants of the influenza A virus in seasonal influenza outbreaks.
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