2023-11-05 18:03:38
We will start by explaining what the microbiota is (also known as intestinal flora) and it is defined as the variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi and other microorganisms that live mainly in the intestine. Although we have known her for a long time; In the last decade scientific research has shed light on this fascinating essential aspect of human health and they play a crucial role in the functioning of our digestive system and the regulation of our immune system.
But why has it become so important in the last decade? Well, it turns out that the microbiota is not simply a passive spectator of our body, but is particularly active in a wide range of biological processes: metabolism control, regulation of the immune system, regulation of appetite, digestive and cardiovascular risk, among others.
The microbiota as we see not only helps break down food, but also plays a fundamental role in protecting against harmful pathogens, producing vitamins and regulating our mood.
One of the systems that is most related to the microbiota is the immune system. The microorganisms that live in our intestine play a key role in the maturation and regulation of the immune system from a very early age; Some of the factors studied are the type of birth, whether by delivery or cesarean section, if the child is breastfed, the start of complementary feeding and the early use of antibiotics can modify the intestinal microbiota in infants. It also helps protect us against harmful invading pathogens by competing for resources and space in our gut.
The microbiota also influences metabolic and digestive processes. These bacteria break down the food we eat, releasing essential nutrients and contributing to the absorption of vitamins and minerals. A “healthy” or “sick” microbiota has been linked to a series of diseases from inflammatory bowel diseases to metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity.
Hence, eating habits and lifestyle play a fundamental role in maintaining our intestinal flora. Excessive consumption of processed foods, low in fiber, high in saturated fats and carbohydrates; As well as the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, they can alter the balance of beneficial microorganisms in our intestine.
Furthermore, recent research has shown that the microbiota can influence the nervous system response to stress and can modulate chronic inflammation related to mood and neuropsychiatric diseases. On the other hand, some authors have highlighted that negative emotions and stress can influence the healthy microbiota. Hence, potential therapies are being explored to modulate intestinal flora, such as specific probiotics for mental health.
An amazing fact is that the microbiota represents up to 2% of the total body weight in an average human being. This percentage may vary depending on age, diet and other factors. For example, an individual weighing 75 kg, the microorganisms that live in his intestine would represent 1.5 kg of that weight; Surprising isn’t it?
In conclusion, the intestinal flora is not simply a set of microorganisms that live in our body; It is a crucial factor in our health and well-being. Research in this field continues to expand, and as it does we may see revolutionary advances in the field of medicine that harness the power of these microorganisms that live in our gut to treat diseases, improve mental health and human health in general. general.
Taking care of and keeping our microbiota balanced with healthy lifestyles is a component of the preventive and personalized medical care of the future.
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