2023-09-28 05:50:07
▲ The sun rising over a hill in the Sierra del Cid region of Spain. Sunspots are clearly visible. (Photo/Jordi Coy) We take the sun for granted and look at it every day, but its diameter is actually 109 times that of the Earth, or 1.4 million km. Two days are enough to circle the Earth once in an airplane flying at 900 km/h, but it is an object of such enormous size that it takes a whopping seven months to circle the Sun once. Nevertheless, we regard the Sun as the closest and overwhelming object to the Earth. The reason we cannot think of it as real is because it is so far away that it looks exactly the size of a soccer ball in the sky. How far away is that? It’s regarding 150 million km. If you don’t feel it, just drive a car at 100 km per hour. It is a distance that requires you to step on the accelerator pedal continuously for 170 years. However, I want to prevent you from going to the sun as much as possible. The heat of 5,500 degrees is too high, but the heavy radioactive rain annihilates any living thing before it can even approach. The photon particles scattered by the sun travel through 150 million km of space in 8 minutes and caress my face. My face is warm. The presence of an object called the sun is clearly felt. What if the Earth falls into the sun? What would happen if the Earth stopped orbiting and was pulled by the sun’s gravitational pull and fell into the sun? It has the highest melting point among the substances on Earth. The highest one is tungsten, which boils at regarding 3,400 degrees and turns into porridge. However, the surface temperature of the sun is 5,500 degrees. So, if the Earth falls into the sun, it means that nothing will remain and it will all be turned into a mushy mess. It is probably like a mayfly that crackles and burns in a bonfire.▲ A huge solar prominence dozens of times the size of the Earth. (Source/NASA) This scary solar energy is nuclear energy produced when four hydrogen atoms nuclear fuse into one helium atom. . Einstein’s matter-energy equivalence equation E=mc·2 (E: energy. m: missing mass. c: speed of light) is the secret to producing that enormous energy. The power of this equation was proven for the first time in Hiroshima in 1945. All living things on earth receive the energy of that frighteningly hot hydrogen ball. Not only do plants bloom with leaves and flowers in the new spring, but the energy for all of our activities also comes from the sun. If the sun were not constantly producing energy and distributing it to the universe, not a single amoeba would be able to live in this vast solar system. Therefore, the sun, a burning ball of hydrogen, is the supreme being of the solar system and the mother of all living things. So where did that sun come from? Did it just suddenly appear in the Earth’s sky one day? According to Gottfried Leibniz’s law of sufficient reasons, everything that exists has a cause. Therefore, that sun must also have had its starting point. So when and from what did it originate? This would be the history of the sun, so to speak. To begin with, the Big Bang, which created the universe 13.8 billion years ago, is the original cause of the birth of the sun. If the Big Bang hadn’t happened, there would have been no sun, no earth, and no you. When we look at the sun in the sky, we are looking at solid evidence of the Big Bang.The sun, which is the same age as Earth, was born from the solar system nebula regarding 4.6 billion years ago. There was a huge nebula 2 to 3 light-years wide, and around that time, a huge supernova explosion occurred nearby. A huge star dozens of times the size of the Sun reached the end of its life and ended its life in a big explosion. The death of this star led to the birth of another star.Under the influence of the enormous shock wave generated by the supernova explosion, the solar system nebula began to slowly rotate and come together. As the size of the rotating nebula gets smaller, the rotation speed of the nebula becomes faster. This is the so-called law of conservation of angular momentum. This is the same as when Kim Yuna, who is spinning on a sheet of ice, closes her arms, the rotation becomes faster. As the nebula becomes more tightly packed, the pressure and temperature at its center rise rapidly, and eventually, when the temperature exceeds 10 million degrees, an incident occurs. It happens. Four hydrogen atoms in the center fuse to create one helium atom, producing enormous nuclear energy and lighting up. ▲ Ring Nebula M 57. A planetary nebula in the constellation Lyra, with a white dwarf visible in the center. This is what the sun will look like in 7 billion years. (Source/NASA) The photons generated here pass through dense hydrogen atoms and rise to the surface, and when the first photon is finally emitted into space, the star will begin to twinkle. This is ‘star birth.’ According to nuclear cosmochronology, the sun became a star in this way exactly 4,567.2 million years ago. At this time, the debris left behind following creating the Sun created planets, satellites, and numerous asteroids, so naturally the Earth is regarding 4.567 billion years old, the same age as the Sun. However, the Sun and the rest of the solar system, such as eight planets and hundreds of When satellites and trillions of asteroids are lumped together like dough, how much does the Sun account for? A whopping 99.86%! This means that all celestial bodies other than the sun, including the Earth, combined account for 0.14%. The largest of them all, Jupiter and Saturn, account for 90%, so our Earth is just a speck of dust in the remaining 0.014%.From 4.56 billion years ago until the end of the sun, it has been burning ceaselessly in the Earth’s sky, including me. So how long will the sun, which saves all life on Earth, live? Currently, like most other stars in the universe, the sun is in the main-sequence stage of star evolution, producing energy through nuclear fusion. This stage is the stage of a star’s life. It accounts for almost 90%. The Sun is expected to remain in the main sequence stage for regarding 10.9 billion years. The Sun is so small that it cannot explode as a supernova, but will swell into a red giant following 7.1 billion years. As the hydrogen in the central core is exhausted and the core shrinks, the solar temperature soars and the outer atmosphere expands rapidly. 600 to 700 million years later, the outer layer of the sun is finally released into space, creating a huge dust ring. It is a so-called planetary nebula. At this time, astronomers predict that Mercury, Venus, and Earth will be eaten by the expanding Sun. After the outer layers escape, an extremely hot core is left behind, and this inner core of the Sun will darken over billions of years and grow to a size the size of Earth. It becomes a white dwarf. This scenario is the fate of stars similar to or more massive than the Sun. The rings of the planetary nebula from which the Sun evolved will extend close to the orbits of Uranus or Neptune, and perhaps within those stars there may have been a human population that once lived as a brief civilization on Earth. Remnants will also be included. Gwangsik Lee, Science Columnist joand999@naver.com
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