Researchers at Sandia National Labs have created miniaturized optical chips that could revolutionize quantum navigation technology. These chips make it possible to develop much smaller quantum sensors for precise positioning without relying on GPS satellites.
Traditional motion sensors, the size of a grapefruit, rely on GPS signals for guidance. In contrast, quantum navigation uses atomic interferometers to track position and motion independently. However, previous quantum systems required room-sized equipment to house six large atomic interferometers.
The Sandia team’s breakthrough is to create ultracompact optical chips that power quantum navigation sensors. These chips integrate photonic circuits to replace the bulky laser systems typically used in atomic interferometers. The result is a package small enough to be deployed on a large scale.
A key element of this innovation is a modulator that can precisely control and combine multiple laser frequencies from a single source. This eliminates the need to stack individual lasers, further reducing size and complexity.
Beyond miniaturization, the new chips offer increased durability against vibration and shock, which could allow them to be deployed in harsh environments that are not suitable for current designs.
Another important benefit is cost reduction. While existing quantum navigation systems can be prohibitively expensive, with individual laser modulators costing upwards of $10,000, the Sandia team aims to leverage semiconductor manufacturing techniques for mass production. This approach could significantly reduce costs and increase accessibility.
Jongmin Lee, a Sandia scientist, stressed the importance of reducing reliance on GPS, noting that satellite signals can be disrupted or spoofed, posing risks to military operations and automated transportation systems.
Potential applications extend beyond navigation. The team is exploring the possibility of using these quantum sensors to detect subtle gravitational changes and map underground resources and structures.
