2023-06-29 17:27:53
Intermediaries for starting cell division and suppressing apoptosis (programmed cell death) are the amino acids that make up proteins. If the amount of protein in the diet of a mouse with breast cancer is below the norm (2% by weight), then the processes of inhibition of cell death in the tumor are activated, which leads to its active growth. If the amount of protein corresponds to the norm (15%), then apoptosis is triggered in cancer cells, they become less aggressive and more susceptible to destruction by tumor-associated macrophages.
Tumor-associated macrophages are cells of the immune system that fight various neoplasms in the body. However, often aggressive cancer cells are so active that they suppress the activity of immune cells. In tumor cells, molecular mechanisms are launched that, on the one hand, prevent natural cell death – apoptosis, and on the other hand, trigger active cell division, which is why cancerous tumors grow so quickly.
The same cascades of reactions also exist in macrophages, but they work differently: in healthy cells, division processes proceed much more slowly, and apoptosis is not suppressed. In this regard, scientists are looking for ways to reduce the activity of tumor cells and activate the work of macrophages that destroy tumors.
Thus, normal protein intake and the discovered molecular interactions of amino acids and intracellular signaling pathways contribute to an increase in the efficiency of one’s own immune cells, and can become one of the tools for cancer immunotherapy.
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Cover photo: image by DCStudio on Freepik
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