There is a lot of solar panels in Pakistan at the moment. According to a Bloomberg NEF report, 13 GW of solar panels were imported from China in the first half of 2024. According to one project developer, importing such a large number of solar panels resulted in solar panels being “seen on the roads.” In 2023, Pakistan will have a demand for solar panels of about 3.5 GW, and in early 2024, Pakistan will be the target for Chinese solar exports. became the third largest market.
Muhammad Mujahid, executive director of Innovo Corp, said that in 2022, Pakistan’s central bank faced a dollar shortage, leading to a trade deficit and an informal ban on imports. Only essential goods such as medicine and food could be imported, which meant distributors were unable to bring in solar panels for nearly nine months.
Despite these restrictions, some solar panels were imported. Generally, a letter of credit (LC) is required from the importer’s bank to import goods. However during the foreign exchange crisis in 2022, issuance of LCs was limited. This situation provided an opportunity for the big players in the market to take advantage.
Hussain Khan of Wateen Energy Solutions said that the direct cost of importing the panels was $0.15 per watt while they were being sold at $0.30 per watt in the local market, a 100 percent profit in the trading business. Seeing the profit rate, everyone started ordering solar panels. Companies that were also exporting rice ventured into this business. For example, they exported rice and now they could bring back their dollars from other countries and suddenly the distribution of solar panels increased significantly.
Mohammad Mujahid said that selling solar panels was not a problem and no experience was necessary, meaning that it was not difficult for you to amortize solar panels from grade A manufacturing companies and sell them in the local market. .
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How have regulatory changes and electricity price increases influenced the viability of solar energy investments in Pakistan?
**Interview with Muhammad Mujahid, Executive Director of Innovo Corp, on Pakistan’s Solar Market Surge**
**Editor:** Thank you for joining us, Muhammad. It’s remarkable to see such a surge in the solar panel market in Pakistan. According to recent reports, 13 GW of solar panels were imported from China in the first half of 2024 alone. What do you attribute this explosive growth to?
**Muhammad Mujahid:** Thank you for having me. The growth can be attributed to several factors, including an increasing demand for renewable energy solutions in Pakistan and significant availability of cheaper solar imports from China. In 2023, we saw a demand of about 3.5 GW, and by becoming the third-largest market for Chinese solar exports in early 2024, the conditions really aligned for this boom.
**Editor:** You mentioned the restrictions faced by the central bank in 2022 due to dollar shortages and how that impacted solar panel imports. Could you elaborate on how companies navigated those challenges?
**Muhammad Mujahid:** Certainly. During the dollar shortage, the issuance of letters of credit was severely limited, which created quite a bottleneck for imports. However, some major players in the industry managed to capitalize on the situation by leveraging their existing trade routes and diversifying their operations. For instance, companies that previously exported rice started bringing in solar panels to recover dollars, which increased the availability of these products on the market.
**Editor:** That’s interesting! With the staggering profit margins reported—$0.15 per watt cost but selling for $0.30—did this attract a lot of new entrants into the solar market?
**Muhammad Mujahid:** Yes, absolutely. The profit potential drew in not just established players but also those from unrelated sectors, drawn by the prospect of easy profits. The barrier to entry is quite low for this business since you don’t need extensive experience to source and sell quality solar panels.
**Editor:** However, it seems we are now witnessing a shift where, due to over-saturation, profits are declining. Can you explain this trend?
**Muhammad Mujahid:** Precisely. By 2024, the sheer volume of imported solar panels has led to lower profit margins—some companies are even selling at a loss. The rapid influx of panels created a competitive market, and many expected the boom to last longer. I initially anticipated a slower decline, but the market adjusted much quicker than expected.
**Editor:** Given the rising electricity prices in Pakistan and other regulatory challenges, do you believe solar energy is still a viable investment moving forward?
**Muhammad Mujahid:** Absolutely. Solar panel systems remain a straightforward investment. Even with some profit losses and changes in net metering regulations, the overall increase in electricity prices due to factors like currency devaluation and poor governance assures that solar remains an attractive option. Companies are investing heavily in this sector, and the ROI is typically still achieved within 18 to 24 months.
**Editor:** Thank you for your insights, Muhammad. It’s clear that despite the current challenges, the future of solar energy in Pakistan remains promising as the country navigates its energy transition.
**Muhammad Mujahid:** Thank you! I appreciate the opportunity to discuss these important developments in our renewable energy landscape.