2023-11-30 11:33:00
New Hainan Client, Nanhai Net News on November 30 (Reporter Wang Hongxu) Currently, respiratory diseases have entered a period of high incidence. Currently, which respiratory diseases are common in Hainan? Why does “superinfection” occur? How to prevent respiratory diseases? On November 30, the reporter interviewed experts from the Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention to answer relevant questions.
Patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza are mainly concentrated in people under 15 years old
What is the current incidence of respiratory diseases in Hainan? What are the main diseases? Who are the sick people concentrated in?
Qiu Li, deputy chief physician of the Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control of the Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, was interviewed by reporters.Photo by reporter Chen Yuaneng
In this regard, Qiu Li, deputy chief physician of the Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control of the Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that judging from the number of visits to fever clinics and the monitoring situation of sentinel hospitals in Hainan Province, fever and respiratory diseases have been on the rise in Hainan Province in the past month or so. The trend, from the perspective of pathogen composition, is mainly influenza and mycoplasma infection, especially the positive detection rate of influenza is increasing, and the sick people are mainly concentrated in people under the age of 15.
At present, why do superinfections with mycoplasma, influenza and other viruses occur? Is mycoplasma infection more serious this year than in previous years?
Qiu Li said that first of all, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and influenza are not new diseases. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and influenza occur every year. Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic occurs every few years, while influenza usually has two epidemic seasons in Hainan every year. Winter, spring and summer. This year, Mycoplasma pneumoniae has just caught up with the epidemic cycle, and the winter and spring influenza season in Hainan Province is about one month earlier than the influenza season before the COVID-19 epidemic. Therefore, there has been a superposition of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza recently.
At the same time, Qiu Li said that the more favorable factors are that the recent COVID-19 epidemic has been at a low level, and the medical order in Hainan Province is generally stable, so everyone does not need to worry too much.
To prevent respiratory diseases, do these 7 things so you don’t go to work or go to class sick.
So, how to prevent respiratory diseases?
Qiu Li said that to protect against respiratory infectious diseases, it is recommended to do the following 7 points. The first thing is to get vaccinated. The most effective and economical way to prevent infectious diseases is vaccination. In addition to routine immunization vaccines for children, the most commonly used vaccine for respiratory diseases is influenza vaccine, which can be used by people over 6 months old who have no contraindications to vaccination, especially the elderly aged 60 and above, children, patients with chronic diseases, medical personnel, and Populations in key places include key and high-risk groups such as vulnerable groups and employees in child care institutions, primary and secondary schools, nursing homes, long-term care institutions, welfare homes and other crowded places, and should receive influenza vaccines in a timely manner. In addition, you must also receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
Secondly, develop a healthy lifestyle, maintain regular sleep, adequate nutrition, and moderate physical exercise; thirdly, develop good personal hygiene habits and wear masks scientifically; fourthly, pay attention to maintaining the environment at home, work, and study places. Keep clean and regularly open windows indoors for ventilation; fifth, during the epidemic season, high-risk groups such as the elderly, children, and patients with underlying diseases should try to avoid crowded public places; sixth, once respiratory infection symptoms such as fever and cough occur, If the symptoms are mild, you can choose to observe at home and go to work or class without being sick to avoid transmitting the pathogen to other people. Seventh, if a high fever persists or symptoms worsen, seek medical attention promptly.
Pay attention to preventing norovirus infection in winter
Qiu Li said that special attention needs to be paid to preventing norovirus infection in winter. According to the monitoring of the disease control department, winter and spring are the seasons where norovirus gastroenteritis is prone to occur. Please pay attention to the following three points for prevention:
Maintain hand hygiene. Wash hands with soap and running water before eating, after using the toilet, and before handling food.
Pay attention to food and drinking water hygiene. Do not drink raw water and cook food thoroughly.
Carry out environmental cleaning and disinfection work. The environment and items contaminated by the patient’s vomit or feces should be thoroughly disinfected with chlorine-containing preparations (such as 84 disinfectant).
If the fever persists and does not go away, seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Once fever symptoms appear, how to effectively identify which disease it is?
In this regard, Qiu Li said that the symptom of fever is a stress response caused by various pathogenic factors stimulating the body’s immune system, which are generally divided into infectious factors and non-infectious factors. Influenza, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and respiratory syncytial virus infections that have attracted recent attention often cause symptoms such as fever and cough. To effectively screen, clinical experts are also required to diagnose and identify from a professional perspective, as well as laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis.
If you have a persistent high fever that persists for more than three days and the body temperature has not dropped, and you are accompanied by worsening cough symptoms, drowsiness, poor mental state, etc., you should seek medical attention in time, especially children and the elderly.
There is no need to wait to receive the flu vaccine. It is recommended that “one elder and one young” should receive the pneumonia vaccine
So, now that the flu season has arrived, is it useful to get the flu vaccine?
Qiu Li said that it is also useful to get the flu vaccine now. It will still have a protective effect for individuals, because the influenza epidemic season will last until next spring, and there may be a peak epidemic especially in the summer. Therefore, getting the flu vaccine now is good for people. It will have a protective effect in the later stages.
So, how to choose and receive influenza vaccine and pneumonia vaccine?
Chen Biyu, deputy chief physician of the Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control of the Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, was interviewed by reporters.Photo by reporter Chen Yuaneng
Chen Biyu, deputy chief physician of the Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control of the Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that currently there are trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccines on the market. According to this year’s monitoring, the currently circulating influenza strain is the H3N 2 strain, and trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccines are currently available. Both the quadrivalent influenza vaccine can prevent this strain; therefore, both trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccines can be vaccinated. Just get it as soon as possible. There is no need to wait for the quadrivalent influenza vaccine, which will lead to delayed vaccination; because vaccination is all done early and early. Protect. In addition, after receiving the influenza vaccine, it is recommended that “one old and one young”, that is, the elderly over 60 years old and young children, receive the pneumonia vaccine. The pneumonia vaccine and influenza vaccine can be vaccinated at the same time, or they can be vaccinated 7-14 days apart.
Key groups such as the elderly and those with low immunity should receive COVID-19 vaccines containing XBB antigen components as soon as possible
Currently, Hainan Province has begun vaccinating the COVID-19 vaccine containing XBB antigen components. Is it necessary to receive this vaccine?
Chen Biyu said that currently, the new coronavirus is still mutating, and the XBB mutant strain is still the main epidemic strain in my country’s local epidemic. This virus strain has strong immune evasion ability and is prone to breakthrough infections. Key groups such as the elderly and people with low immunity are more harmful when infected with the XBB variant strain. It is recommended to vaccinate with a new coronavirus vaccine containing the antigen components of the XBB variant strain.
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