2023-10-30 23:37:29
On Tuesday, October 31st, the book of history records, among other things:
1448: The penultimate Byzantine Emperor John VIII of the Paleologian dynasty dies in Constantinople. He had promoted the reunification with the Western Church decided at the Council of Ferrara-Florence (1439), which, however, was not accepted by the clergy and the people.
1848: After bloody fighting, imperial troops under the command of Field Marshal Prince Windischgrätz put down the third general uprising (“October Revolution”) in Vienna. Caesar Wenzel Messenhauser, commander of the National Guard and leader of the insurgents, surrenders and is executed.
1888: John Boyd Dunlop, an Irish veterinarian, receives a patent for the pneumatic tire, which replaces the solid rubber tire and plays a key role in the success of bicycles and automobiles.
1918: The last Austrian Prime Minister, Heinrich Lammasch, appointed by Emperor Karl, transfers official power to the provisional government chaired by the Social Democrat Karl Renner.
1918: At the request of the Christian Socialist Wilhelm Miklas, who later became Federal President, the colors red-white-red were declared the state colors.
1918: In Budapest, Count Mihály Károlyi becomes Hungarian head of government. Former Prime Minister Count István Tisza is shot dead in his apartment by revolutionaries.
1918: With the flagship “Viribus Unitis” the Imperial and Royal Navy is handed over to the new South Slavic state in the naval port of Pola.
1918: Allied troops land in Trieste.
1923: The first official radio listener in Germany has to pay 350 million inflation marks for the postal authorization to receive radio broadcasts.
1948: Max Schmeling contests his last boxing match in Berlin and loses to Richard Vogt over ten rounds.
1958: Opening of the Geneva Conference on the End of Nuclear Weapons Tests.
1963: An explosion during an ice revue in Indianapolis kills 68 people.
1968: US President Johnson announces the cessation of air strikes once morest North Vietnam.
2003: After 27 years, the airline “British Airways” is ceasing its supersonic flights with the “Concorde”. Air France took its planes out of service in May.
2003: The UN General Assembly adopts the Anti-Corruption Convention. All states should declare bribery in politics and business to be criminal offenses and prosecute them accordingly.
2008: After more than eight months of being held hostage in the Sahara, Salzburg tourists Wolfgang Ebner (51) and Andrea Kloiber (43) are released in Mali.
2018: The end to plastic plates, straws and other disposable plastic products in Europe is getting closer. EU states vote to ban single-use plastic.
Birthdays: Meindert Hobbema, Dutch. painter (1638-1709); Sir Joseph Wilson Swan, British inventor (1828-1914); Sir George Hubert Wilkins, Austrian polar explorer (1888-1958); August Everding, German director and artistic director (1928-1999); Roland Düringer, Eastern Cabaret artist and actor (1963); Dermot Mulroney, US actor (1963).
Days of death: John VIII Palaiologos, Emperor of Byzantium (1391-1448); Paul D. White, US heart specialist (1886-1973); Egon Schiele, Eastern. painter (1890-1918); Federico Fellini, Italian film director (1920-1993); River (Jude) Phoenix, US actor (1970-1993).
Name days: Wolfgang, Christoph, Quirin, Notburga, Elisabeth, Thomas, Lukas, Jutta.
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