2024-10-01 22:25:43
On Wednesday, October 2nd, the book of history records, among other things:
939: In the Battle of Andernach, the Swabian Duke Hermann defeats the rebels Eberhard of Franconia and Giselbert of Lorraine, both of whom fall.
1814: With their victory in the Battle of Rancagua, the Spanish bring breakaway Chile back under their control.
1889: At the initiative of the USA, which wants to expand its influence in Latin America, the first “Pan American Congress” takes place in Washington.
1909: In China, the first railway line built exclusively by Chinese is opened over 220 kilometers from Beijing to Kalgan.
1914: A Russian attempt to break through at Tarnopol fails due to German resistance. The nine-day Battle of Arras begins in northern France, in which the German 6th Army, reinforced by seven cavalry divisions, cannot prevail.
1919: The French Parliament ratifies the Treaty of Versailles.
1924: The League of Nations adopts the Geneva Protocol on the peaceful settlement of disputes between states and outlaws war of aggression.
1934: 260 miners die in a mining accident in Wales.
1934: A typhoon claims 1,660 lives in the Japanese city of Osaka.
1944: Surrender of the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa) in Warsaw. Their commander, General Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski, is taken prisoner by the Germans. The uprising against the occupying power began on August 1st.
1954: The decision to admit the Federal Republic of Germany into NATO is made at the London Conference of Foreign Ministers.
1969: “Eisenstadt Declaration”: The SPÖ federal party conference rejects any form of joint action with the communists and decides on a strict demarcation from the KPÖ, whose election recommendation in the 1966 National Council elections was not expressly rejected by the socialists.
1969: The Czechoslovak Federal Assembly recalls its chairman Alexander Dubček, the former Communist Party leader of the “Prague Spring”. (The disempowered reform politician is briefly deported to Turkey as ambassador.)
1984: In Switzerland, politician Elisabeth Kopp from the Free Democratic Party (FDP) becomes the first woman to become a member of the government. The justice minister had to resign four years later because of indiscretions.
1989: At Vienna-Schwechat airport, the most wanted Austrian at the time (because of the “Lucona” affair), Udo Proksch, was recognized and arrested despite his appearance having changed due to plastic surgery and a new hairstyle. The owner of the luxury Demel confectionery shop was held responsible for the sinking of a ship for insurance fraud (which took place in the Indian Ocean in 1977) and was sentenced to life imprisonment for murder in 1992. He died in 2001 in Graz in the Karlau prison.
1989: In Leipzig, 20,000 people take part in a demonstration against the GDR regime.
1994: In London, former Captain James Hewitt reveals his love affair with Princess Diana, wife of the heir to the British throne, Charles.
2004: For fear of an eruption of the Mount St. Helens volcano in Washington state, which has been active again for some time, the authorities are ordering the evacuation. Everyone within an eight-kilometer radius is being brought to safety as a precaution. After a week the situation calmed down.
2019: In the Salzburg SWAP trial, the Supreme Court confirmed the verdicts, including a three-year prison sentence for former mayor Heinz Schaden (SPÖ), one year of which was unconditional, but which he could serve with an ankle bracelet. With the conviction, the long-term city boss’s claim to his politician’s pension also expires.
2019: Because of years of illegal EU subsidies for the European aircraft manufacturer Airbus, the World Trade Organization (WTO) approved punitive US tariffs on EU imports worth $7.5 billion per year. It is the highest amount ever approved in the WTO’s almost 25-year history.
Birthdays: Anton Emil Titl, Eastern composer (1809-1882); Mahatma (also known as Mohandas Karamchand) Gandhi, Indian. freedom fighter (1869-1948); Wallace Stevens, US poet (1879-1955); Graham Greene, British writer (1904-1991); Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indian politician (1904-1966); James McGill Buchanan Jr., US economist (1919-2013); Giselher Guttmann, Austrian psychologist (1934); Siegfried Dohr, Eastern trade unionist (1934-2010); Anna-Lou “Annie” Leibovitz, US photographer (1949).
Days of death: Athalaric, King of the Ostrogoths (516-534); Ina Seidel, German writer (1885-1974); Heinz Konsalik, German writer (1921-1999); György Lázár, Hungarian politician (1924-2014); Heinz-Horst Deichmann, German entrepreneur (1926-2014); Vasily Shukshin (Suksin), Russian writer and actor (1929-1974).
Name days: Leodegar, Amandus, Gottfried, Hermann, Jakob, Thomas, Cyprian, Theophil.
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