2024-10-16 22:09:00
On Thursday, October 17th, the book of history records, among other things:
1854: During the Crimean War, the siege of Sevastopol began (until May 1855) by British and French troops.
1899: August Strindberg’s drama “Gustav Vasa” (about the king who freed the Swedes from Danish rule in the 16th century) premieres in Stockholm.
1909: In the presence of Emperor Franz Joseph and 50,000 spectators, Austria-Hungary’s first dirigible airship, “Estaric I” (an American slang word for Austria), takes off from the Vienna trotting field. It was designed by Franz Renner from Klagenfurt, whose sons Anatol and Alexander risked their lives as pilots. The Puch company supplied the engine.
1914: In the Adriatic there is a sea battle between torpedo and submarines of the Imperial and Royal Navy and the French cruiser “Waldeck-Rousseau”.
1919: The National Assembly in Vienna ratifies the Peace Treaty (“State Treaty”) of Saint-Germain, signed on September 10th, whose Article 88 establishes the “unchangeable” independence of Austria.
1919: The Social Democratic State Chancellor Karl Renner forms his third coalition cabinet with the Christian Socialist Jodok Fink as Vice Chancellor. The social democrat Ferdinand Hanusch heads the social department, his party friends Matthias Eldersch heads the interior department and Julius Deutsch the army department. The later Christian Social Chancellor Rudolf Ramek is Minister of Justice.
1929: After his troops invade Kabul, Nadir Khan is proclaimed King of Afghanistan. His predecessor on the throne and cousin Amanullah, whose reforms had met with resistance from the Islamic clergy and sparked uprisings, had to go into exile in Europe.
1944: In Germany, Hitler’s decree about the formation of the “Volkssturm” from all 16- to 60-year-olds capable of carrying weapons is announced.
1979: Mother Teresa of Calcutta (whose real name is Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu), a Catholic nun of Albanian descent who works in India and founder of the Congregation of the “Missionaries of Charity”, is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of her selfless commitment to the poorest of the poor.
1989: In the worst earthquake in California since the 1906 disaster, a 1.5-kilometer-long section of the double-decker Interstate 880 highway, which connects San Francisco and Oakland via the Bay Bridge, collapses; 34 people died and were literally crushed in their vehicles. The accident caused damage worth ten billion dollars.
1989: The first 5,000 schilling banknote with the portrait of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and an image of the State Opera comes into circulation.
1989: An official memorial event developed into a large demonstration for democracy in Czechoslovakia in Prague. The brutal police intervention leads to nationwide protests.
1994: Queen Elizabeth II is the first British head of state to arrive in Russia on an official visit. (Her grandfather George V was the direct cousin of the last Tsar, Nicholas II, who was assassinated in 1918.)
1994: Former Chancellor Secretary Gerhard Zeiler is elected ORF General Director by the ORF Board of Trustees.
1999: Jordi Pujol’s moderate nationalists achieved a razor-thin victory in the elections in the autonomous Spanish region of Catalonia.
2004: Motorcycle superstar Valentino Rossi wins the world title in the Moto GP class in his first year with Yamaha. The Italian wins in Australia and thus takes his fourth title in the premier class in a row. Overall, he is already a six-time world champion.
Birthdays: Jerome (Jerry) Siegel, US writer (1914-1996); Karl Terkal, Eastern Kammersänger (1919-1996); Zhao Ziyang, Chinese politician (1919-2005); Dagmar von Mutius, German writer (1919-2008); Rolando Panerai, Italian opera singer (1924-2019); Christian Bruhn, German composer (1934); Francisco Flores Pérez, President of El Salvador 1999-2004 (1959-2016); Nel Ust Wyclef Jean, Haitian. musician, songwriter, producer (1969); Eminem (born Marshall Mathers), US rap musician (1972); Kimi Raikkönen, Finnish racing driver (1979).
Todestage: Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet (1750-1774); Frédéric Chopin, Polish composer and pianist (1810-1849); Alberta Hunter, US singer (1897-1984); Alicia Alonso, Cuban. dancer (1920-2019); Fritz Kandl, Eastern Local politician (1941-1994).
Name days: Rudolf, Ignatius, Hedwig, Hadwig, Florentine, Ethelbert, Marie-Louise, Augusta, Victor.
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