2023-10-14 22:43:32
On Sunday, October 15th, the book of history records, among other things:
1783: The French physicist Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier undertakes the first manned flight in La Muette near Paris with a hot air balloon from the Montgolfier brothers. It lasts four minutes.
1848: HAPAG (“Hamburg-American Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft”) opens the transatlantic liner service between Hamburg and New York with a high-speed glider.
1848: In Berlin, tensions between workers and vigilantes are increasing. Twelve people were killed in the fighting.
1903: In German Southwest Africa, colonial troops take action once morest members of the Hottentot people, provoking a four-year uprising whose suppression claims tens of thousands of lives.
1918: The government of the last Turkish Sultan Mehmed VI. Vahideddin sends a ceasefire note to the USA.
1918: In Flanders the Germans have to retreat further.
1933: Hitler lays the foundation stone for the “House of German Art” in Munich.
1938: The opera “Daphne” by Richard Strauss premieres in Dresden.
1938: The “Law on Territorial Changes in Austria” from October 1st comes into force. The Vienna districts 22 to 26 are formed from Lower Austrian municipalities (22nd district: Groß-Enzersdorf, 23rd district: Schwechat, 24th district: Mödling, 25th district: Liesing, 26th district: Klosterneuburg). After the Second World War, 80 of the municipalities incorporated into Vienna were reincorporated into Lower Austria.
1948: Chinese Civil War: Zhifu (Chifu), the last city on the Shandong (Schantung) Peninsula held by Kuomintang troops, is captured by the communist “People’s Liberation Army”.
1958: Brussels World Exhibition: The Austria pavilion built by Karl Schwanzer is awarded a gold medal.
1963: Konrad Adenauer, the first chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, resigns at the age of 87 following fourteen years in office. (The successor will be Economics Minister Ludwig Erhard, the “father of the economic miracle” of the post-war period).
1968: “Prague Autumn”: The further stationing of Soviet intervention troops in the CSSR is regulated by treaty.
1968: With the directive “Away with the waste, fresh blood into our ranks!” Chinese Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) orders the complete reorganization of the party, which was shaken by the “Cultural Revolution”.
1973: After serious unrest, military dictator Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn is deposed in Thailand.
1978: After heated debates, the US Congress approves President Jimmy Carter’s energy savings program.
1988: In Wackersdorf in Bavaria, 10,000 people demonstrate once morest the reprocessing plant for nuclear fuel rods that is currently under construction.
1993: The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to the President of the African National Congress (ANC), Nelson Mandela, and the South African head of state Frederik de Klerk.
2003: With “Shenzhou 5”, the People’s Republic of China is launching its first manned spacecraft from the Jiuquan Cosmodrome in Gansu Province with a carrier rocket of the type “Long March 2F”.
2008: Professional cyclist Bernhard Kohl gives up lying and tearfully admits that his third place in the Tour de France came regarding with the help of doping. The Lower Austrian admitted in a press conference that was only open to a few selected media representatives that he had taken the blood doping drug CERA, a third-generation EPO preparation.
2013: Heirs of the Austrian-Jewish Lederer family of collectors are submitting an application to the Austrian Ministry of Culture for the restitution of the famous “Beethoven Frieze” by Gustav Klimt. The art return advisory board does not recommend any return in 2015. The wall frieze, a major work of Viennese Art Nouveau, was acquired by the Republic of Austria in 1973 and is exhibited in the Secession.
Birthdays: Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician (1608-1647); Daniel Gottlieb Moritz Schreber, German physician and educator (1808-1861); Paul Reynaud, French statesman (1878-1966); Maria Waser, black writer (1878-1929); Paul Bernecker, Eastern economist (1918-2003); John Kenneth Galbraith, American economist (1908-2006); Italo Calvino, Italian writer (1923-1985); Samora Moisés Machel, first president of Mozambique (1933-1986); Fela Anikulapo Kuti, Nigerian. musician (1938-1997); Chris de Burgh, British singer (1948); Katharina Wackernagel, German actress (1978); Andreas Ivanschitz, Eastern Football player (1983).
Days of death: Saint Hedwig, Duchess of Silesia (1174-1243); Helene Mayer, German fencer (1910-1953).
Name days: Theresia, Thekla, Herfried, Bandolf, Aurelia, Hedwig, Walter, Elisabeth.
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