2023-11-22 23:47:09
On Thursday, November 23rd, the book of history records, among other things:
858: Beginning of the first split between the Eastern and Western Roman Church: The rise of the Byzantine theologian and influential court official Photius to the position of Patriarch of Constantinople is attacked by Pope Nicholas I as uncanonical. Photios had the Pope banished by a synod in 867 (“Photian Schism”).
1823: In Munich, the German architect Friedrich Gärtner and the painters Peter von Heß, Karl Joseph Stieler and Domenico Quaglio founded a bourgeois-realist art association against established art.
1848: The “Association of March Achievements” is founded in Frankfurt am Main as a Germany-wide united front of the left against the growing counter-revolution. Paulskirchen MP Julius Fröbel is elected chairman.
1908: In five Belgian mining districts, over 100,000 workers are demonstrating for the introduction of the eight-hour day and old-age pensions.
1918: French, British, Italian and Greek troops enter Constantinople.
1918: 5,000 Italian soldiers occupied Innsbruck (until February 1920).
1923: The German Social Democrats are leaving the coalition government of Reich Chancellor Gustav Stresemann and are submitting a parliamentary motion of no confidence.
1928: In New York’s Madison Square Garden, 23-year-old German heavyweight boxer Max Schmeling knocked out the American Joe Monte in the eighth round
1938: In Palestine, the British mandate imposed a general curfew in order to bring the ongoing violent clashes between Jews and Arabs under control.
1943: A 5 cent postage stamp is issued in the USA in honor of Austria. It shows a flag in the colors red-white-red on a blue background.
1948: Agriculture Minister Josef Kraus announces in parliament that agricultural production in Austria is only 30 to 40 percent of what it was before the war.
1953: “Carrera Panamericana”, the most dangerous car race in the world. After 3,077 km across Mexico, only 66 of 186 cars reach the destination. Five participants die.
1983: The USSR breaks off the Geneva negotiations on the dismantling of medium-range missiles in Europe.
1988: Former South Korean military dictator Chun Doo Hwan publicly apologizes on television to his people for human rights violations and corruption during his rule.
1993: The Italian businessman and media mogul Silvio Berlusconi announces his entry into politics and announces the founding of an electoral movement.
1993: The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) adopts an international deep-sea fishing convention to protect fish stocks in the world’s oceans.
1998: Due to “irreconcilable differences of opinion” with the board, Agnes Grossmann announces her resignation as artistic director of the Vienna Boys’ Choir. She has held this position since January 1, 1997.
2003: Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze bows to the pressure of weeks of opposition protests and resigns from his office.
2008: SPÖ and ÖVP agree to form a new grand coalition. The distribution of departments hardly changes. Werner Faymann becomes Chancellor, Josef Pröll Vice Chancellor. The swearing in is on December 2nd.
Birthdays: Prospero Alpini, Italian biologist (1553-1617); Arthur “Harpo” Marx, US actor (1893-1964); Rodion Malinowski, Soviet marshal and politician (1898-1967); Max Schönherr, Eastern. conductor and composer (1903-1984); Robert Crottet, black writer (1908-1987); Jerry (Jerrold Lewis) Bock, US composer (1928-2010); Kurt Falk, Eastern newspaper publisher (1933-2005); Krzysztof Penderecki, Polish composer, conductor (1933-2020); Herbert Achternbusch, German writer (1938-2022); Günther Beckstein, German politician (1943); Madeleine Bart, Belgian choreographer (1943); Ronald Schill, German politician (1958); Thomas Raab, Eastern Writer and cognitive researcher (1968).
Days of death: Antoine-François Prévost d’Exiles, French writer (1697-1763); Hermann Jellinek, Austrian Writer and journalist (1823-1848); Hanns Johst, German writer (1890-1978); Rolf Engel, German rocket engineer (1912-1993); Nicolas Roeg, British film director (1928-2018); Franz Friedrich, Eastern Actor and cabaret artist (1940-2018); Richard Hickox, British conductor (1948-2008).
Name days: Clement, Felicity, Kolumban, Adam, Detlev, Adele, Lucretia, Victoria, Margaretha.
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