2023-11-20 23:35:25
On Tuesday, November 21st, the book of history records, among other things:
1783: First free ride of a “Montgolfière” (hot air balloon manufactured by the brothers Jacques-Etienne and Joseph-Michel de Montgolfier) with human passengers at an altitude of around 1,000 meters near Paris. On board are the physicist Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and the Marquis d’Arlandes. Landing takes place following 25 minutes. (On September 17th, a hot air balloon with a sheep, a duck and a chicken had already risen).
1803: In Mainz, the robber captain Johann Bückler, called “Schinderhannes”, who enjoyed great popularity among the poor farmers in the Hunsrück, was executed with 19 of his companions.
1818: The Aachen Congress of the great powers Great Britain, Austria, Russia and Prussia, which met on September 29th, ended with the agreement to evacuate France by November 30th.
1848: Counter-revolutionary new order in Austria: Prince Felix zu Schwarzenberg, advocate of autocratic centralism, becomes Prime Minister and Foreign Minister. He achieved (on December 2nd) the abdication of Emperor Ferdinand I in favor of his 18-year-old nephew Franz Joseph I. Franz Count Stadium became Interior, Alexander Baron von Bach became Justice, Karl Ludwig Baron von Bruck became Commercial and Leo Count Thun Minister of Education of the new imperial government.
1878: In order to prevent the ruling Emir Shir Ali Khan from reaching an agreement with Russia, the British army invades Afghanistan.
1918: The last German troops withdraw from Alsace-Lorraine.
1918: The German fleet surrenders in the Firth of Forth in Scotland.
1933: For the attempted murder of the Tyrolean Heimwehr leader Richard Steidle (in June), the German National Socialist Werner von Alvensleben was sentenced by a court in Vienna to three years in prison and expulsion from the country (Steidle was murdered by the Nazis in the Buchenwald concentration camp in 1940).
1943: Field Marshal Albert Kesselring takes over command of the German troops in Italy.
1948: In a resolution passed by a large majority, the South Korean parliament calls on the USA to keep its troops in the country even following the withdrawal of Soviet troops from the North.
1953: The British Museum announces that the prehistoric man (“Piltdown Man”) discovered by Charles Dawson in 1912 was a fake.
1958: In China, the merger of 99 percent of the rural population into 26,578 “people’s communes” is announced. At a Communist Party conference in Wuhan it was decided to financially support the “people’s communes” by granting state loans.
1963: The Second Vatican Council decided to use national languages instead of Latin in the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church.
1963: The National Theater Munich will reopen with a performance of “Woman without a Shadow” by Richard Strauss.
1973: Due to the increase in oil prices, the Swiss government is issuing a three-month Sunday driving ban.
1993: The government parties are completely wiped out in the Italian local elections. Strong gains for left-wing democrats (ex-communists) and neo-fascists.
1993: 115 people are killed when a Macedonian airliner crashes near Ohrid. One passenger survives the disaster.
2003: In Baghdad, Iraqi insurgents from donkey carts fired more than a dozen rockets at the petroleum ministry and two downtown hotels.
2008: The Russian parliament approved by a large majority the extension of the president’s term of office from four to six years. With the initiative of Kremlin chief Dmitri Medvedev, the Duma will in future be elected every five years instead of every four years. At the same time, there is speculation regarding a possible early return of Prime Minister Vladimir Putin as president.
2008: Cross-country skier Jürgen Pinter has been banned for four years by the Supreme Sports Court (CAS) in Lausanne for a doping offense. Pinter, who has been banned from the Olympics for life, will be banned retroactively to March 1, 2006 for “possession of prohibited methods” and complicity in doping offenses.
2013: A few days before the signing, Ukraine stopped an association agreement that had been painstakingly negotiated with the EU – apparently under pressure from Russia. One of Brussels’ main conditions, the release of the imprisoned opposition leader Yulia Tymoshenko, is also rejected by the parliament in Kiev. There are pro-Western demonstrations in Ukraine.
Birthdays: Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher, German philosopher and theologian (1768-1834); Gustav Radbruch, German lawyer and politician (1878-1949); René Magritte, Belgian painter (1898-1967); Jürgen Wilke, German actor (1928-2016); Hermann Painitz, Eastern. painter (1938-2018); Ulrich Strunz, German physician, “Fitness Pope” (1943); Jacques Laffite, former French racing driver (1943); Michel Sleimane (also Suleiman), Lebanese. Politician; 2007-2014 President (1948); René Weller, German boxer (1953-2023); Tina Brown, British author/media manager (1953); Daniela Iraschko Stolz, former Styrian. Ski jumper (1983).
Days of death: Johann Bückler (“Schinderhannes”), German robber captain (1783-1803); Josef Mayseder, Austrian violinist and composer (1789-1863); Andreas Zelinka, mayor of Vienna (1802-1868); Hermann Sudermann, German writer (1857-1928); Raymond Lewenthal, US pianist (1926-1988); Eva Bakos, Eastern cultural journalist and writer (1929-2003); Bill Bixby, US actor (1934-1993).
Name days: Flora, Rufus, Amalia, Alma, Gelasius, John, Sacrifice of Mary.
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