2023-11-01 23:28:11
On Thursday, November 2nd, the book of history records, among other things:
1813: The Kingdom of Württemberg, founded in 1806 as a Napoleonic puppet state, broke away from France in the Treaty of Fulda, thereby sealing the collapse of the Confederation of the Rhine.
1848: Encouraged by the victory of the counter-revolution in Austria, Prussia’s King Frederick William IV gave his government a secret order to “overthrow the March Revolution”. At the same time, he gives Parliament the assurance that it will “steadfastly pursue the constitutional path.”
1873: In Vienna the “Variations on a Theme by Haydn”, B flat major, Op. 56a by Johannes Brahms for the premiere.
1918: The last Austro-Hungarian foreign minister, Count Andrássy, resigns.
1918: Ljubljana is taken by Serbian troops, who invade southern Styria.
1918: Proclamation of the Republic in Lithuania.
1938: The foreign ministers of Germany and Italy, Ribbentrop and Ciano, set the borders between Hungary and the rest of Czechoslovakia in the so-called First Vienna Arbitration Award. Hungary gets the southern outskirts of Slovakia and Carpatho-Ukraine. On November 4th Hungarian troops invade the ceded territories.
1948: The presidential election in the USA was completely unexpectedly won by the Democratic incumbent Harry Truman (who had succeeded him as Vice President in 1945 after Roosevelt’s death). His Republican challenger, Thomas Dewey, was widely considered the favorite.
1963: One day after the coup in South Vietnam, the Catholic dictator Ngô Đình Diêm and his brother, police chief Ngô Đình Nhu, are murdered. As head of a military junta, General Duong Văn Minh takes power.
1983: South Africa’s black majority remains excluded from the referendum on constitutional reform.
1988: Iran and Iraq agree to direct negotiations on a peace settlement in the Gulf conflict.
1993: In the Israeli local elections, Jerusalem’s long-time social democratic mayor Kollek lost to his conservative challenger.
1998: A Milan court sentenced Gucci’s widow Patrizia Reggiani to 29 years in prison for the murder of her ex-husband.
2003: The Anglican Episcopal Church in the USA ordains the declared homosexual Gene Robinson as Bishop of New Hampshire, thereby provoking a serious conflict within the Anglican world communion.
2008: A Piper Seneca PA 34 small aircraft crashes into a forest while approaching Graz-Thalerhof Airport. Three people are killed.
Birthdays: Jules Barbey d’Aurevilly, French author (1808-1889); Giovanni Battista Farina, Italian automobile designer (1893-1966); Burt Lancaster, US actor (1913-1994); Sofia, 1975-2014 Queen of Spain (née Princess of Greece) (1938); Patrick Joseph Buchanan, US politician (1938); Borut Pahor, Slovenia. Politician; 2008-2012 Prime Minister, 2012-2022 President (1963).
Days of death: Armand von Dumreicher, Austrian lawyer and politician (1845-1908); Ngô Đình Diêm, Vietnam. Politician; 1955-1963 first president (1901-1963); Ahmad al-Mirghani, Sudanese President 1986-1989 (1941-2008).
Name days: Rathold, Angela, Angelika, Tobias, Margot, Georg, Viktorin.
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