2023-11-11 23:42:17
On Sunday, November 12th, the book of history records, among other things:
1903: The French airship “Lebaudy” lands back on the Paris Field of Mars following a record flight of 55 kilometers.
1908: A firedamp explosion in the Radbod colliery in Hamm (Westphalia) kills 348 German miners.
1913: A severe earthquake in Peru claims more than 200 lives.
1918: After Emperor Charles I renounced “any share in state affairs”, the Provisional National Assembly (consisting of the German-speaking representatives elected in 1911) proclaimed the Republic. Formation of a concentration government chaired by the Social Democrat Karl Renner.
1918: Introduction of women’s suffrage in Germany.
1923: In Speyer, separatists proclaim the “Palatinate Republic”.
1928: During a home guard march in Innsbruck there were bloody clashes with social democratic workers.
1933: In Germany, 92.1 percent of the votes in Reichstag elections go to the NSDAP’s unified list. In a referendum held at the same time, 95.1 percent approved leaving the League of Nations.
1938: By order of the Nazi German “Reichskulturkammer” Jews are forbidden from attending theaters, cinemas, exhibitions, concerts and other cultural events. In addition, German Jews are ordered to pay a billion Reichsmarks in “atonement” for the murder of legation secretary Ernst vom Rath by 17-year-old Herschel Grynszpan in Paris.
1943: In the Aegean, German troops land on the island of Leros.
1943: In a “Leader Decree”, Hitler praised the Krupp company’s contributions to the “military power of the German people” and ordered that the arms company remain a family business.
1948: Former Prime Minister and Chief of the General Staff General Tōjō Hideki, chief exponent of Japanese militarism and expansionism, is sentenced to death as war criminals (executed on December 23) by the Inter-Allied Court in Tokyo along with six other former leadership members.
1948: In Landsberg/Lech, 15 former German concentration camp guards convicted by US courts are executed by hanging.
1953: The “Sender Freies Berlin” is founded in West Berlin.
1968: After the Warsaw Pact intervention in Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Communist Party leader Leonid Brezhnev formulated the doctrine of limited sovereignty of socialist states in the event of a threat to the “world socialist system” (“Brezhnev doctrine”).
1973: The Chinese Communist Party’s “anti-Confucius campaign” launched by the radical group led by Mao Zedong’s wife Jiang Qing creates an atmosphere of spiritual terror.
1988: In Katowice Cathedral, 89 Polish opposition members go on hunger strike to secure the release of 50 imprisoned demonstrators. After five days they end the campaign.
1993: The subsidiary of Österreichische Industrieholding AG (ÖIAG), Austrian Industries AG, founded in 1989, is dissolved.
1993: In Germany, party financing is being reregulated by a Bundestag resolution.
1998: Daimler-Benz and Chrysler merge.
1998: Abdullah Öcalan, the head of the outlawed Kurdish Workers’ Party (PKK), was arrested in Rome but released on December 16 following the government waived an extradition request from Turkey over fears of Kurdish protests. The Kurdish leader left Rome in January 1999, but was caught by the Turkish secret service in Kenya a month later and has been the only prisoner on the prison island of İmralı in the Sea of Marmara ever since.
2003: A car bomb attack in Iraq kills 19 Italian soldiers.
2003: The US Congress decides on tougher sanctions once morest Syria.
2008: The Austrian Republic is celebrating its 90th birthday. To mark the anniversary, a republic exhibition will be opened in parliament.
2013: The triptych “Three Studies of Lucian Freud” by Francis Bacon is sold at Christie’s auction house in New York for 142.4 million dollars (106 million euros). This makes the work, painted in 1969, the most expensive work of art ever sold at auction. Jeff Koons’ “Balloon Dog” becomes the most expensive living artist at $58.4 million (43.6 million euros).
Birthdays: Alexander Borodin, Russian composer (1833-1887); Li Lianying, Chinese. imperial palace grand eunuch and chief advisor to the Dowager Empress Cixi (Tzu-hsi) (1848-1911); Oscar Panizza, German writer (1853-1921); Hans Werner Richter, German writer (1908-1993); Bernhard Victor von Bülow (pseud. Loriot), German cartoonist, author, actor (1923-2011); Martin Purtscher, Eastern politician (ÖVP); 1987-1997 Governor of Vorarlberg (1928); Bruno Sacco, Italian-German. Automobile designer and constructor (1933); Benjamin Mkapa, Tanzanian. politician (1938-2020); Robert Studer, black bank manager (1938); Björn Waldegard, Swedish racing driver (1943-2014); Hassan Rohani (Rouhani), Iran. politician and legal scholar; 2013-2021 President (1948); Alexandra Maria Lara, Rum./German. Actress (1978).
Days of death: Joseph Clemens of Bavaria, Archbishop of Cologne, German Elector (1671-1723); Alexander Baron von Bach, Eastern politician (1813-1893); Umberto Giordano, Italian composer (1867-1948); Stan Lee (also known as Stanley Martin Lieber), US comic book author and editor; “Spider-Man” (1922-2018); John Tavener, British composer (1944-2013); Jonathan Brandis, US actor (1976-2003).
Name days: Emil, Cunibert, Josaphat, Diego, Kuno, Jonas, Arsacius, Levin, Christian, Martin, Benedict, Isaac.
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