In recent years, tensions between the United States and China, the two major economic powers of the world, have been growing and an island has become the recurring symbol of this rivalry: Taiwan.
Every gesture from Washington towards Taipei regularly receives a reaction from Beijing, and this year there have been many: the most recent is the possible visit of the speaker of the US House of Representatives, Nancy Pelosi, to Taiwan.
The Chinese Foreign Ministry then promised to take “decisive and forceful measures” if they went ahead with the trip.
And meanwhile Taiwan has started its annual Han Kuang military exerciseswhich last a week and simulate an enemy invasion.
In May there had been another tense situation, when the president of the United States, Joe Biden, said that his country would respond militarily if China intervened in Taiwan, in the context that the Russian invasion of Ukraine It has generated concern in Taipei for a possible similar action by Beijing.
“We agree with the One China policy. We signed it and all the corresponding agreements were made from there, but the idea that it can be taken by force, just taken by force, is (just not) appropriate.” Biden said.
The tensions are simply a reminder of the decades-long hostility between the governments in Beijing and Taipei, with both sides historically claiming to be the rightful rulers of all of China’s territories, including Taiwan.
Here’s a look at this historic feud.
the nationalist government
Taiwan’s official name, the Republic of China, dates back to its founding in 1911 following the collapse of China’s last imperial dynasty.
Under the rule of the Nationalist Party, or Kuomintang (KMT), led by Chiang Kai-shek, the Republic of China had to contend in the early 1930s and then during World War II with the advances of the Empire of Japan, as well as also to the growing power of the Chinese communists led by Mao Zedong.
In 1945, following the Japanese defeat, the ROC regained the island of Taiwan, which China had lost in a previous war with the Japanese. But four years later, in 1949, the Kuomintang was defeated in a bloody civil war on the mainland by the Communist Party army.
That same year Mao founded the People’s Republic of China, with its capital in Beijing.
Some 1.2 million Chinese, mainly military, accompanied the Chiang Kai-Shek government on its exodus to Taiwan, according to estimates made by Taiwan authoritiesand following defeating a brief incursion of the communist troops on the island they managed to settle there.
Mao’s forces, instead, expanded their control into mainland China, and have since regarded Taiwan as a renegade province and a “inalienable part” that at some point will return to the control of Beijing.
Regional dispute, global tension
Separated by a strait, opposing ideological positions and a historical conflict, the two Chinas – the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of China – have since coexisted amid tensions, despite sharing traditions, culture and a language in commonMandarin Chinese.
This tension between Beijing and Taipei has always been linked to the difficult relationship between Beijing and Washington.
