Municipal Economic and Social Well-being Index: Rankings and Analysis of Colombian Cities

2023-06-04 14:31:02

With the current economic performance in the country, anyone could think that Rodrigo, a stratum 3 citizen who lives in Medellín, a city with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 6.9%, has a better quality of life than someone who lives in Pereira with a GDP of 6.2%. However, this is not always the case, as recorded by the Municipal Economic and Social Well-being Index (Ibesm) of the Libertank research center and where the capital of Risaralda appears with the best record, with 0.72%, and leads the list as the municipality with the best economic and social welfare for its inhabitants, followed by Villavicencio and Manizales. Medellin, for its part, appears with 0.64%. On the other hand, Cúcuta, Montería and Barranquilla occupy the last places in the classification.

1.- Pereira (Escalafón 1):

Pereira has an annual GDP per capita of $20,163,342 and an unemployment rate of 11%, indicating a relatively stable economic performance. Its CPI of 12.75% and the number of private companies per capita of 0.023 are adequate. In social terms, the illiteracy rate is 6.6% and the housing deficit is 21.32%, which are areas for improvement. Environmentally, Pereira has excellent water quality (100), air quality (16) that represent very positive numbers compared to other municipalities, negative CO2 emissions (-0.8) reveal well-focused efforts on the environmental issue. In the political sphere, Pereira has a good municipal transparency index (76.8) .

2.- Villavicencio (Scale 2):

Villavicencio has an exceptionally high GDP per capita of $39,092,585 per year and an unemployment rate of 12.4%, indicating strong economic performance. Its CPI of 12.49% and the number of private companies per capita of 0.02 are factors to improve quickly. In social terms, the illiteracy rate of 5.2% and the housing deficit of 23.68% are areas that also require improvement. Environmentally, Villavicencio presents a worrying water quality with a high level of risk in consumption (40), but air quality (16) and CO2 emissions (17.31) are aspects that require focus of work. In the political sphere, Villavicencio has a high index of municipal transparency (80.1).

3.- Manizales (rank 3):

Manizales has a GDP per capita of $19,256,172 per year and a relatively low unemployment rate of 10.7%, which indicates good economic performance. However, its CPI of 13.15% and the number of private companies per capita of 0.015 could improve. Socially, the city has an illiteracy rate of 5.8%, but the housing deficit of 16.29% and the theft rate of 2.8% are areas for improvement. In environmental terms, the city presents worrying air and water quality (16 and 40, respectively).

4.- Bogotá (Scale 4):

Bogotá has a high GDP per capita of $38,484,157 per year and an unemployment rate of 12.9%. However, the city must address its CPI of 13.26% and its number of private companies per capita of 0.041. In social terms, its low illiteracy rate of 2.8% is a strong point, but the housing deficit of 14.06% and the theft rate of 7.3% represent significant challenges. In the environmental field, air quality (16) and CO2 emissions (10.58) require attention, despite good water quality (70). The high index of municipal transparency (77.5) and the index of economic freedom (34.44) are positive indicators.

5.- Cali (Scale 5):

Cali, with a GDP per capita of $25,508,984 a year and an unemployment rate of 12.2%, shows a solid economic performance. However, the CPI of 13.3% and the number of private companies per capita of 0.027 could be improved. Socially, the city shows an illiteracy rate of 4.4%, but the housing deficit of 14.02% and the theft rate of 3.6% represent areas for improvement. At an environmental level, the city has excellent water quality (100), but air quality (15) and CO2 emissions (12.1) require attention. In the political sphere, it has a high index of municipal transparency (72.5).

6.- Medellín (Scale 6):

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Medellín has a GDP per capita of $26,219,583 per year and a low unemployment rate of 10.3%, indicating a solid economic performance. Its CPI of 12.99% and the number of private companies per capita of 0.031 are good. Socially, the city has an illiteracy rate of 5% and a housing deficit of 15%, but the 3.2% theft rate is a concern. In environmental terms, the city has excellent water quality (100), but air quality (14) and CO2 emissions (12.95) require attention. In the political sphere, Medellín presents an exceptionally high municipal transparency index (85.6).



7.- Bucaramanga (Scale 7):

Bucaramanga presents a GDP per capita of $32,403,341 per year and an unemployment rate of 11.2%, showing a strong economy. However, the CPI of 13.26% and the number of private companies per capita of 0.032 could be improved. In the social sphere, the city has an illiteracy rate of 4.8%, but the housing deficit of 20.09% and the theft rate of 2.8% require attention. Despite having excellent water quality (100), air quality (12) and CO2 emissions (10.57) need to be improved. In political terms, the city has a high index of municipal transparency (79.2).

8.- Ibagué (Scale 8):

Ibagué presents a GDP per capita of $18,709,164 a year and a high unemployment rate of 19.3%, which indicates economic challenges. Its CPI of 13.2% and the number of private companies per capita of 0.020 also need improvement. In social terms, the illiteracy rate of 5.6% and the housing deficit of 18.42% represent areas for improvement. Regarding the quality of the environment, the city presents an acceptable air quality (15), but an unsatisfactory water quality (10). CO2 emissions are significantly low (1.52), which is positive. In the political sphere, Ibagué has a high index of municipal transparency (77.8).

9.- Cartagena (Scale 9):

Cartagena presents a GDP per capita of $18,990,314 a year and an unemployment rate of 11.5%, indicating an acceptable economic performance. However, its CPI of 14.12% and the number of private companies per capita of 0.027 are worrying. Socially, the city has an illiteracy rate of 6.5%, but the high housing deficit of 38.73% and the burglary rate of 1.3% need to be addressed. At an environmental level, the city has excellent water quality (100), acceptable air quality (15), and CO2 emissions (7.31) require attention. Politically, the municipal transparency index is 53.

10.- Barranquilla (rank 10):

With a GDP per capita of $19,111,625 a year and an unemployment rate of 12.7%, Barranquilla presents a solid economic performance. Its CPI of 13.99% and the number of private companies per capita of 0.040 indicate a healthy business environment. However, the public debt per capita of $3,432,243 may be a source of concern. In the social sphere, the illiteracy rate of 5.2% and the housing deficit of 26.04% indicate areas that require improvement. At an environmental level, the city has excellent water quality (100), but air quality (14) and CO2 emissions (7.34) need attention. Regarding politics, the municipal transparency index is 63.7.

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