2023-10-10 22:00:00
Although they are not very economical in terms of raw materials and energy, and therefore face strong competition from other materials shaping processes, the various machining processes remain essential for the production of many parts. It should also be noted that their performance increased significantly with the development of non-traditional machining processes following the Second World War to machine materials that do not lend themselves well to traditional processes, then the productivity gains obtained with the appearance of machines. -numerically controlled tools allowing the automatic production of parts, the practice of high machining speeds and the development of new tool materials more resistant to the high temperatures induced by high cutting speeds. This article introduces the entire “machining” section. The implementation of machining operations to produce a part or a family of parts is a complex problem due to the multiplicity of available processes and the wide variety of part specifications and properties of the constituent materials. This article aims to provide the readership with the fundamental elements of the problem and, as such, its objective is threefold:
define the machining operation, situate its economic importance in relation to other materials shaping processes (shaping, sintering, molding) and specify the main characteristics of a machining operation;
present the specific features of each of the major classes of machining processes: cutting, abrasion machining and physicochemical machining (all non-traditional processes);
compare the performances of these different processes according to the various practical points of view: possibility of application to different materials, material flow rate, necessary power and energy efficiency, possible machining operations, final properties of the part, economic aspects of their implementation implemented.
The readership will be referred to more specialized articles where they will find more detailed information, or even specialized works. Finally, the foreseeable developments of these processes in the coming years will be discussed.
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