2024-03-12 00:50:02
Calcium and vitamin D supplements reduced cancer deaths more than 20 years following menopause, but increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths among postmenopausal women, with no effect on all-cause mortality, a study found. Annals of Internal Medicine It was published online on the 12th.
Cynthia A. Thomson of the University of Arizona and her colleagues examined long-term health outcomes among postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Calcium and Vitamin D clinical trial, which included 36,282 women without a history of breast or colon cancer. .
Participants were randomly assigned to receive 1000 mg of calcium carbonate or a placebo daily along with 400 IU vitamin D3.
The study found that, following a median cumulative follow-up of 22.3 years, the group receiving calcium and vitamin D had a reduction in cancer mortality (hazard ratio 0.93) and an increase in CVD mortality (hazard ratio 1.06) compared to the placebo group.
No overall effect, including all-cause mortality, was seen in other measures.
Significant changes were observed in estimates of cancer incidence when stratified by whether or not participants reported supplement use before randomization, but no changes in estimates of mortality, except for CVD mortality.
The researchers explained the study’s limitations, saying, “Hip fracture and CVD outcomes were only available in a subset of participants, and the effects of calcium versus vitamin D versus joint supplementation were not separable.”
“Calcium and vitamin D supplements appeared to reduce cancer mortality and increase CVD mortality among postmenopausal women following more than 20 years of follow-up,” the researchers concluded.
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