2023-11-21 23:00:00
This article, the second in a series of three, deals with the classical logics which will give rise to mathematical logic at the end of the 19th century. The logic of propositions is first presented, which is the one introduced by Aristotle and which reigned for two thousand years. Next, the logic of predicates is exposed, which imposed itself at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, because it admitted greater expressive power. Many didactic and application examples illustrate many points. In the appendix are listed the properties of logical connectives and the logical forms used as axioms or rules of inference, as well as a list of notations.
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