“HIV (HIV)” is a type of virus This causes the destruction of the body’s immune system. The word HIV is an abbreviation for the first letter of the Human Immunodeficiecy Virus.
part “AIDS” It is the last stage of HIV infection. The patient is often immunocompromised, the CDC level in the blood is less than 200 cells per cubic milliliter. At this stage, infected people often have opportunistic complications.
“HIV” It was first discovered in 1982 in California, USA, with MSM infected with pneumonia and enlarged lymph nodes. Therefore, the infection was found until a new virus similar to the S.I.V. virus was found in the monkeys. Therefore, it is assumed that it may have come from monkeys.
HIV can be transmitted in three main ways: sexually. sharing needles or receiving infected blood/organs and contact from mother to child
The stage of infection is divided into 4 phases: acute phase asymptomatic period symptomatic stage and AIDS stage
Signs and symptoms
• acute phase There are often flu-like symptoms, namely fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue, and body aches. In many cases, lymph nodes are found, especially in the neck area. Some people may have a rash and joint pain.
• Asymptomatic phase Usually no symptoms
• period of symptoms May notice a rash on the tongue, shingles, frequent lung infections, fatigue, less eating, weight loss, or thinking system is not as fast as before, etc. Most of the time, 90 percent will be in the period of 1-8 years. Some cases may be shorter or longer.
• AIDS stage There are often symptoms of complications such as shortness of breath, chronic fever, chronic watery diarrhea. spots or rashes, difficulty swallowing, headache, confusion, loss of consciousness, etc.
diagnosis
Doctors can make a diagnosis mainly from blood tests. saliva test and self-examination at home can perform preliminary screening But still have to confirm the results in the hospital once more
Treatment of all stages of HIV infection including the AIDS stage This can be done by taking anti-HIV drugs along with treating complications. and other opportunistic diseases by having to take medicine regularly come to check and follow up on a regular basis And prevent new infections from coming in. If taking the drug and having abnormal symptoms, you should consult a doctor, should not stop taking the drug or lack of treatment. Some people may have psychological and social problems. can consult an expert and find a source of money or social support to achieve holistic care for patients as well
protection are as follows
1. Wearing standard condoms If having sex with a person who is at risk or unknown status
2. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission by having pregnant women and their spouses tested for HIV or have an original infection to take medicine regularly standard birth And have the doctor assess whether the child has an infection or not. and stop breastfeeding change to formula milk because there may be infection in the milk
3. Prevention of work accidents By using proper working techniques such as not putting the needle back into the sheath. Dispose of it in an infectious waste box. including wearing appropriate self-defense equipment
4. Prevention with medication
a. If touched with blood or secretions that are at risk of having HIV Take a drug to prevent exposure, known as PEP (post exposure prophylaxis).
b. If there is a risk of acquiring HIV, e.g. or having sex with someone who knows their status A pre-exposure prophylaxis called PrEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) may also be taken.
There are two ways to take PrEP to prevent infection before exposure to HIV: continuous and non-continuous daily medication. Also known as on-demand, when there is a risk to eat
Before Taking PrEP
HIV testing should be done to make sure they are not already infected. Kidney tests to check for syphilis. and hepatitis B virus
Non-daily PrEP pill taking
Several studies support the 2-1-1 schedule to be effective in MSM patients. or both sexes If you have anal sex
This means taking 2 pills 2-24 hours before sex.
then take 1 tablet 24 hours following the first dose
Then take 1 tablet 24 hours following the second dose.
However, information on taking medicines that you do not have to eat today There is insufficient data on women. or men who have sex with women transgender and drug users Therefore, in this group, it is still recommended to continue taking the drug every day first.
source of information
Lect. Rapeepan Rattanawongnara, M.D. Department of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University