2023-07-05 22:04:24
1553: Lady Jane Grey, daughter of the Duke of Suffolk, dies after the death of Edward VI. proclaimed Queen of England. But she has to give way to his half-sister Maria Tudor and is beheaded in 1554 in the Tower of London.
1608: In a letter of majesty, Emperor Rudolf II granted the Bohemian estates the right to freely practice their religion. Disregarding this imperial decree ten years later led to the outbreak of the Thirty Years’ War.
1848: Social unrest (“bread riots”) break out in Frankfurt am Main. The insurgents set up barricades in the city.
1868: First legal regulation to limit the daily working time to eight hours: The introduction of the eight-hour day for men in civil service passed by the US Congress comes into force first at the Naval Dockyard in Charleston, South Carolina.
1918: A government decree will change 58 place names in the United States that contain the word “German”.
1918: In Moscow, the German ambassador, Count Wilhelm von Mirbach-Harff, was murdered by two unknown persons during an uprising by left-wing SRs against the Bolshevik government.
1923: The All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopts the First Soviet Constitution for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
1928: The first complete sound film (where the soundtrack is on the film) entitled “The Lights of New York” is shown in the New York cinema “The Strand”.
1933: The wedding of the German professional boxer Max Schmeling and the Czech film actress Anny Ondra takes place in Berlin-Charlottenburg.
1938: “Conference of Evian” (until July 15). Representatives of 32 nations meet in Evian-les-Bains, on the initiative of the American President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in order to improve the possibilities for emigration of Jews from Germany and Austria. The German Reich, Italy, Japan, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia and Hungary are not invited. Ultimately, the conference fails because no country declares its willingness to take in refugees so as not to endanger their own good relations with the Hitler regime.
1943: The Catholic conscientious objector Franz Jägerstätter, a farmer and sexton from the Innviertel region, was sentenced to death in Berlin by the German Nazi regime for “undermining military strength”. (The judgment executed on August 9th is declared overturned by the Berlin regional court in 1997).
1948: In a Germany resolution passed in Montreux, Switzerland, the World Jewish Congress (WJC) states that the German people show no remorse for the crimes committed against the Jews. Anti-Semitism persists, denazification is a failure.
1958: US President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs federal legislation making Alaska the 49th state in the United States.
1988: Disaster on the North Sea oil rig “Piper Alpha” off the British coast: A gas explosion triggers a fire that kills 167 people. (The fire cannot be extinguished until July 29.)
1998: The first trial for genocide begins before the UN war crimes tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague.
2003: In a referendum, the Corsicans reject the French government’s proposal for autonomy for the Mediterranean island with a narrow majority.
2018: More than two decades after the poison gas attack on the Tokyo subway, the then boss and six other members of the Aum Shinrikyo sect are hanged. The nerve gas attack that killed 13 and injured 6,000 shocked the world on March 20, 1995.
birthdays: Max Ritter von Gruber, Austria bacteriologist (1853-1927); Paul Keller, German writer (1873-1932); Eino Leino (actually Armas Lönnbohm), Finnish writer (1878-1926); Axel Theorell, Swedish biochemist (1903-1982); Wojciech Jaruzelski, Polish general and statesman, President 1985-90 (1923-2014); Hans-Jürgen Papier, German lawyer (1943); Bodo Kirchhoff, German writer (1948).
days of death: Edward VI, King of England (1537-1553); Ulrich Stutz, Swiss legal historian (1868-1938); Wilhelm Graf von Mirbach-Harff, German diplomat (1871-1918); Otto Klemperer, German conductor (1885-1973); Shōkō Asahara, Japanese sect founder (1955-2018).
name days: Mechthild, Jesalas, Gottlieb, Goar, Dominica, Maria Goretti, Maria Theresia L., Isaias, Marietta.
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