2024-07-19 22:52:41
On Saturday, July 20, the history books recorded:
1879: Swedish polar explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskjöld made the first successful crossing of the Northwest Passage at Cape Dezhnev.
1919: In Saint-Germain, the Austrian delegation, led by Chancellor Karl Renner, was informed of the Allied peace terms.
1934: Hitler promoted the SS (“Schutzstaffel”) into an independent organization that reported directly to him. As a paramilitary fighting group, it became the main vector of racial ideological Nazi terrorism.
1944: Colonel Klaus Graf Stauffenberg attacked Hitler’s headquarters in East Prussia. Hitler survived and managed to escape to Berlin. There, the attempted coup failed during the night.
1959: At the ministerial meeting in Stockholm, it was decided to establish the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) consisting of the United Kingdom, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Austria, Switzerland and Portugal (as of July 21). It came into effect on May 3, 1960.
1974: Turkish invasion forces occupied the northern and northeastern parts of the island of Cyprus. Ankara is reacting to a coup by the military junta in Athens once morest Cypriot President Archbishop Makarios, who managed to flee to Britain.
1994: The SPÖ and ÖVP agreed on a constitutional provision enabling Austria to participate in the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP).
Birthday: Francesco Petrarch, Italian humanist/poet (1304-1374); Johann Dufschmid, Eastern. Botanist and physician (according to other information, 22 July; 1804-1866); Adolf Ignaz Ritter von Chabuschnigg, East. Narrator, poet, and statesman; Judge Junior 1870-1871. (1809-1877); Franz Sobrell, Orient. Meteorologist (1899-1959); Wolfgang Stresemann, German conductor/orchestra director (1904-1998); Molly Keane, Irish writer (1904-1996); Sir Edmund Hillary, New Zealand. Mountaineer/first climber d. Everest (1919-2008); Jean Baudrillard, French sociologist, media theorist, and cultural critic (1929-2006); Uwe Johnson, German writer (1934-1984); Urs Hefti, Swiss/Oriental actor (1944-2008); Chris Cornell, American musician (Soundgarden) (1964-2017).
Days to death: Ludwig Beck, German general and resistance fighter (according to additional information on July 21) (1880-1944); Paul Delvaux, Belgian painter (1897-1994); Klaus Schenck ‧Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, German officer and resistance fighter (1907-1944); Antonio Gades, Spanish dancer/choreographer (1936-2004).
Name day: Margaret, Wilma, Elisas, Bernhard, Albrecht, Lucanus, Leon-Ignace M., Greta, Margot, Margit , Maga.
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