2023-07-17 22:34:23
Under Tuesday, July 18, the book of history records, among other things:
1658: After the death of his brother Ferdinand IV, who had already been crowned King of Hungary and Bohemia, Leopold I became Emperor.
1708: The leader of the Don Cossack uprising that broke out in 1707, Kondrati Afanasyevich Bulavin, was murdered by the Russians. The troops of Tsar Peter I the Great finally managed to put down the uprising in 1709.
1848: Archduke Johann established a new Austrian ministry under Baron Johann Philipp von Wessenberg as deputy to his nephew, Emperor Ferdinand I. (It replaces the Pillersdorf ministry, which was dismissed on July 8).
1848: An uprising by the militia in Wiesbaden is put down by Reich troops (stationed in Mainz).
1908: In Milan, the Italian restorer Luigi Cavenaghi begins restoring Leonardo da Vinci’s “The Last Supper” fresco.
1918: The Allied counter-offensive under the command of General Ferdinand Foch began on the western front at Aisne and Marne. In the Champagne, the Germans are repulsed over a front width of 45 kilometers.
1928: The Pyrenean Railway from Pau to Zaragoza, the first direct rail link between France and Spain, opens.
1933: The entrepreneur Fritz Thyssen is recognized by the NSDAP Gauleiters in Essen, Düsseldorf and South and North Westphalia as the supreme state authority in the field of economic policy in the Ruhr area.
1948: In Cairo, the Arab League accepts the resolutions of the UN Security Council, and the ceasefire with Israel comes into force.
1953: The first soldiers’ meeting following the end of the war takes place in Hanover. 15,000 former Wehrmacht soldiers and members of the Waffen SS take part.
1968: In a letter of reply to the warning letter from the party leaders of the USSR, Poland, the GDR, Hungary and Bulgaria, the Czechoslovak CP leadership under Alexander Dubček is sticking to the continuation of its reform course.
1968: The first complete exhibition of the graphic work of Pablo Picasso is shown in the Zurich Kunsthaus.
1968: In midsummer, heavy snowfalls in the Alps lead to wintry conditions. Skiing is resumed on the Zugspitze.
1978: The 15th Summit of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) is taking place in Khartoum, Sudan, with participants from 33 countries.
1988: The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR decides that the autonomous region of Nagorny (Nagorno-Karabakh), inhabited by a majority of Armenians, remains with Azerbaijan. The party leadership of Armenia approves this decision.
1993: In Japan, the ruling Liberal Democrats, weakened by divisions, lose their absolute majority in parliamentary elections, which they have held without interruption since 1955.
1998: South African President Nelson Mandela marries 52-year-old Graca Machel, widow of the ex-President of Mozambique, on his 80th birthday.
2003: British government adviser and former UN weapons inspector David Kelly commits suicide. He had given a BBC journalist information regarding the government’s questionable handling of intelligence material on Iraq’s weapons potential.
birthdays: Hermann von Reichenau (“Hermann the Lame”), German scholar, poet, composer (1013-1054); Hendrik A. Lorentz, Dutch Physicist; Nobel Prize 1902 (1853-1928); Eric Pohlmann, Austria actor (1913-1979); Red Skelton, US comedian (1913-1997); Hans Czermak, Austria Pediatrician (1913-1989); Nelson Mandela, South Africa Statesman (1918-2013); Jean Yanne, French actor (1933-2003); Paul Verhoeven, Dutch film director (1938); Hartmut Michel, German biochemist; Nobel Prize 1988 (1948); Marc Girardelli, former Luxembourg-Austrian Alpine Skier (1963).
days of death: Emanuel Leutze, US painter German origin (1816-1868); Carl Edler von Zeska, Austria theater actor German origin; kk court actor (1862-1938); Henri Farman, French aviation pioneer/designer (1874-1958); Marie Alexandra Victoria of Edinburgh, last Queen of Romania 1914-1927 (1875-1938); Corneille Heymans, Belgian physiologist; Nobel Prize 1938 (1892-1968); Jean Negulesco, US film director (1900-1993); Burton Richter, US physicist, Nobel Prize 1976 (1931-2018).
name days: Friedrich, Arnold, Rosina, Arnulf, Maternus, Answer, Bruno, Bertha, Justa, Rufina, Ulf.
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