2023-07-16 22:29:32
Under Monday, July 17, the book of history records, among other things:
1453: The Hundred Years’ War (which began in 1338 when Edward III of England assumed the French title) was effectively decided by the French victory at Castillon, England retaining only Calais on the mainland (until 1558).
1928: Mexican President Álvaro Obregón is assassinated in San Ángel.
1933: The body of the former NSDAP member of parliament Wilhelm Schäfer is found near Frankfurt am Main. In November 1931, he uncovered plans to overthrow the Hessian NSDAP (“Boxheim Documents”).
1943: In Norway, the German occupying forces imposed a state of emergency. The Norwegian officers released from captivity are interned again and deported to Germany. In Sicily, the Axis powers begin to evacuate the western part of the island, and Agrigento is abandoned. On the eastern front, the Soviets launched a new offensive against the 1st German Panzer Army on the Mius and near Ijum.
1943: American and Japanese forces engage in a heavy air-sea battle off the Solomon Island of Bougainville.
1948: An international orthodox church conference convened by the Moscow Patriarchate and controlled by Soviet diplomacy emphasizes the “irreconcilable opposition to the Roman Catholic and rationalistic-Protestant West” and criticizes an “ominous alliance” between the Vatican and the White House.
1958: The federal government, chaired by Chancellor Julius Raab (ÖVP), protests against the violation of Austria’s air sovereignty by US military aircraft (Lebanon crisis).
1958: After the bloody military coup and the overthrow of the Hashemite monarchy in Iraq, British parachute troops land in Jordan.
1968: Coup d’état and seizure of power by the Ba’ath Party in Iraq: President Abdulrahman Aref is overthrown. General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr becomes head of state, and 31-year-old Saddam Hussein is his deputy at the head of the Revolutionary Council.
1968: The Beatles’ animated film “Yellow Submarine” premieres in London.
1973: In Afghanistan, King Mohammed Zahir Shah is dethroned during a trip abroad by his brother-in-law Mohammed Daoud, who proclaims the republic.
1973: With a naval blockade in Minamata Bay, Japanese fishermen ensure that the “Nippon Synthetics” chemical plant, which had discharged toxic waste water into the sea, is shut down.
1988: After eight years of war and a series of military victories, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein offers Iran an “honorable peace”.
1988: Italian Prime Minister Ciriaco de Mita orders the immediate return transport of 2,000 poisonous barrels of Italian toxic waste illegally stored in Nigeria.
1988: After an explosion in a chemical factory in the Italian city of Massa, the authorities imposed a bathing ban along a 15-kilometer stretch of coast.
1993: With the simultaneous resignation of President Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, a month-long power struggle in Pakistan has come to an end.
1998: In a mining accident in Lassing in Styria, the miner Georg Hainzl is trapped in a collapsed tunnel. Another ten miners are buried while trying to save him. (Hainzl is recovered alive on July 26).
1998: 80 years after the execution in Yekaterinburg, the remains of the royal family are buried in St. Petersburg’s Peter and Paul Cathedral.
1998: The UNO conference in Rome resolves to set up the International Criminal Court (ICC) for genocide and war crimes.
1998: A devastating flood in Papua New Guinea kills 1,235 people.
2018: The European Union concludes its largest free trade agreement to date with Japan.
birthdays: Johann Jacob Astor, amer. Großkaufmann (1763-1848); Mauritz Stiller, Swede. film director (1883-1928); Shmuel Yosef Agnon (eigtl. Czaczkes), Israel. writer; Nobel Prize 1966 (1888-1970); Berenice Abbott, US photographer (1898-1991); Roger Garaudy, Fr. Philosopher (1913-2012); John Cooper, Brit. car constructor; “Mini Cooper” (1923-2000); Joe Morello, American jazz musician (1928-2011); Karmenu Mifsud-Bonnici, Maltese. Politician (1933-2022); Joseph Garba, Nigerian. Diplomat/officer (1943-2002); Luc Bondy, schw. theater director (1948-2015); Matti Nykänen, finn. Ski jumper (1963-2019); Letsie III. David Mohato Bereng Seeiso, King of Lesotho 1990-95 and since 1996 (1963).
days of death: James Abbot McNeill Whistler, US painter (1834-1903); Giovanni Giolitti, Italian politician (1842-1928); Harriet Hartmann, Austria Big industrialists (1907-1998); Rosalyn Tureck, US pianist (according to other sources July 16) (1914-2003); Peter Appleyard, Canada. jazz musician (1928-2013); Joseph Maher, Irish. Actor (1933-1998).
name days: Marina, Gabriele, Alexius, Charlotte, Irmgard, Herwig, Livarius, Donata, Angelika, Karl.
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