2023-07-13 22:23:03
Under Friday, July 14, the book of history records, among other things:
1683: Under the supreme command of Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa, Ottoman troops advanced as far as Vienna: beginning of the second Turkish siege of Vienna, which lasted until the attackers were destroyed by the Christian relief army under King John III. Sobieski of Poland on September 12, 1683. (The first Turkish siege of Vienna took place in 1529).
1893: Arthur Schnitzler’s one-act play “Farewell Souper” from the Anatol cycle is premiered at the Bad Ischl City Theater.
1908: From Friedrichshafen on Lake Constance, Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin undertook a trip via Strasbourg to Mainz and back in his new airship “LZ 4”.
1918: After the death of his brother Mehmed V. Reschad, whom the Young Turks had brought to power in 1909, Mehmed VI. Vahideddin as the last sultan to take the throne of the Ottoman Empire.
1918: British and US troops occupy the entire railway line in Murmansk.
1923: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes confirms the reparations treaty with the German Reich. The latter undertakes to deliver railway material.
1923: France ratifies the Washington Treaties, which can now enter into force (17 August). The deal package includes a naval agreement and the four-power agreement between the US, UK, France and Japan.
1933: In Germany, all parties except Hitler’s NSDAP are banned. The basis for this is the enabling law that the Reichstag passed before it switched itself off. In addition, the “Law on the Prevention of Hereditary Disease Offspring” is enacted. It forms the basis for around 360,000 forced sterilizations and countless planned “euthanasia” violent crimes carried out by the Nazi regime.
1938: The US millionaire Howard Hughes completes his flight around the world in his twin-engine “Lockheed”. Hughes took three days, 19 hours, 17 minutes and 10 seconds, beating all records for long-haul flights.
1943: French West Indies joins French Liberation Committee in Algiers.
1948: With a decree by General Douglas MacArthur, the US occupation authorities in Japan lifted the previous censorship that had existed since the end of the war.
1948: The Chilean parliament has banned the Communist Party by law.
1953: The Act on the Formation of the Central African Union from the British Colonial Territories of Northern and Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland comes into force.
1953: In Paris, seven people are killed in bloody riots between demonstrators and the police on the French national holiday.
1958: Military coup and revolution in Iraq: King Faisal II is murdered with numerous family members and Prime Minister Nuri es-Said by insurgent military, the corpses are dragged through the streets of Baghdad and torn to pieces by an angry mob. General Abdulkarim Kassem takes power.
1958: Impressed by the events in Iraq, Lebanese President Camille Chamoun is appealing to the USA for help.
1968: At a summit meeting in Warsaw, the CP leaders of the Soviet Union, Poland, the GDR, Hungary and Bulgaria sent a clear warning to the CPSR reform leadership.
1978: In the Soviet Union, the Jewish civil rights activist Anatoly Shcharansky (who later became Israeli Trade Minister Nathan Sharansky) was sentenced to 13 years in prison.
1978: The European research satellite “GEOS-2” is launched from Cape Canaveral and is intended to collect new information regarding the outer atmosphere and the Earth’s magnetic field.
1988: In New York, Angola, South Africa, Cuba and the USA agree in principle on the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola and on the realization of Namibia’s independence.
1988: Due to a lack of sales, VW has to close the car plant in Westmoreland in the US state of Pennsylvania. It was the German automaker’s only production facility in the United States.
1993: In Turkey, the Kurdish “People’s Workers’ Party” is banned; their 15 members of parliament are stripped of their mandate.
birthdays: Emmeline Pankhurst, British women’s rights activist (1858-1928); Carlos Prío Socarrás, Cuban. politician (1903-1977); Irving Stone, US writer (1903-1989); Gerald Ford, 38th US President 1974-1977 (1913-2006); Ingmar Bergman, Swedish director and author (1918-2007); Moshe Safdie, Israel-Canada. architect (1938); Eva Twaroch, Austria Journalist (1963-2018).
days of death: Johann Heinrich Frh. von Ferstel, Austria Architect/”Ringstrasse master builder” (1828-1883); Richard Edler v. Mises, Austrian-US mathematician (1883-1953); Emil Barth, German writer (1900-1958); Richard McDonald, US entrepreneur, founder of the first “hamburger” restaurants (1909-1998); Léo Ferré, French chansonnier (1917-1993); Miroslav Holub, Czech poet (1923-1998); Faisal II, King of Iraq (1935-1958).
name days: Roland, Camillo, Bonaventura, Egingold, Karoline, Goswin, Ulrich, Wando, Camillus, Anna, Angelina.
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