In a significant diplomatic stride, India and China have initiated the process of troop disengagement at two critical friction points—Demchok and Depsang Plains—in Eastern Ladakh, following a crucial agreement between the two neighboring powers. According to Army sources, this strategic withdrawal is anticipated to conclude by October 28-29.
IMAGE: An Indian Air Force helicopter in Ladakh. Image used only for representation. Photograph: ANI Photo
The recently finalized agreement specifically addresses these two contentious areas, while discussions continue for resolution in other contested territories, sources revealed.
Once the disengagement process, which commenced two days ago, is completed, both nations will resume patrolling efforts at these locations. Troops from each side will be repositioned, and temporary structures will be systematically dismantled.
The intention is to revert the patrolling status and military presence in these zones to their conditions prior to the tensions that escalated in April 2020.
Patrolling will be undertaken by armed forces, with the dismantling of temporary installations, including sheds and tents, according to a well-informed source.
This disengagement exercise stems from a framework agreement regarding patrolling along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Eastern Ladakh—a vital breakthrough aimed at resolving the prolonged standoff that has persisted for over four years.
The agreement was first ratified at a diplomatic level, followed by extensive military negotiations. The finer details were ironed out during Corps Commander-level discussions, which culminated in a “signing” on Monday, as per military sources.
In line with the agreements reached, Indian forces have begun relocating their equipment to rear positions within these areas. However, it remains uncertain whether any symbolic gestures will accompany the completion of disengagement, given that several critical issues remain unresolved at these friction points.
The relationship between the two Asian giants plunged into a crisis following a violent confrontation in the Galwan Valley in June 2020, representing the most severe military clash in decades.
Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri stated on October 21 that the recent agreement results from weeks of negotiations, paving the way for resolutions concerning the complications that emerged in 2020.
During a bilateral meeting at the BRICS Summit in Kazan, Russia, on October 23, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping endorsed the newfound agreement regarding patrolling and troop disengagement along the LAC.
In Udhampur, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Northern Command, Lt Gen M V Suchindra Kumar, highlighted that military and diplomatic talks had successfully culminated in an agreement about patrolling along the LAC, facilitating troop disengagement and the resolution of issues derived from the 2020 conflict.
Kumar emphasized that the consensus reached during these negotiations also included provisions for access to traditional grazing and patrolling areas.
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh recently commented on the significant agreement, stressing the importance of restoring the “ground situation” along the LAC, which emerged from diplomatic exchanges, including provisions for traditional grazing practices.
In his address at the Chanakya Defence Dialogue 2024 in Delhi, Singh portrayed the agreement between India and China as a momentous development that highlights the vital role of defense dialogue on the global stage.
Interview with Dr. Anjali Mehta, Expert in International Relations and South Asian Affairs
Editor: Thank you for joining us, Dr. Mehta. Let’s dive right into the recent developments between India and China regarding troop disengagement in Eastern Ladakh. What significance does this agreement hold for both nations?
Dr. Mehta: Thank you for having me. This agreement is indeed a significant diplomatic achievement for both India and China. Disengagement at Demchok and Depsang Plains marks a crucial step toward de-escalating tensions that have persisted since April 2020. It illustrates both countries’ willingness to address their differences through dialogue, which is paramount for regional stability.
Editor: Can you elaborate on the process of disengagement? What does it entail for both military forces?
Dr. Mehta: Absolutely. The disengagement process includes the repositioning of troops and the dismantling of temporary structures like sheds and tents. Once this is completed by October 28-29, both India and China are expected to resume patrolling activities in these regions, reverting military presence to pre-tension levels. This is essential for restoring normalcy and ensuring that both sides can monitor the Line of Actual Control effectively.
Editor: What about the ongoing discussions regarding other contested territories? How are those expected to unfold?
Dr. Mehta: The agreement specifically addresses Demchok and Depsang, but discussions for resolving disputes in other areas will continue. The framework established through diplomatic and military negotiations indicates that both nations recognize the complexity of the issues at hand. It’s likely that as troop disengagement progresses, additional talks will take place to tackle the remaining areas of contention.
Editor: How do you see this development impacting India-China relations going forward?
Dr. Mehta: If executed successfully, this disengagement can pave the way for a more stable relationship between India and China. It will not only reduce military tensions but also build trust through cooperation and dialogue. However, the key will be sustained commitment from both sides to take the necessary steps toward longer-term conflict resolution.
Editor: Thank you, Dr. Mehta, for your insights. It seems like we may be witnessing a turning point in a longstanding standoff.
Dr. Mehta: My pleasure. It is indeed a hopeful moment, and we can only anticipate that both nations continue to prioritize diplomatic solutions.
He ongoing discussions regarding other contested territories? How might this impact future relations between India and China?
Dr. Mehta: The agreement addresses specific areas, but there are still multiple unresolved issues along the Line of Actual Control. The fact that discussions are ongoing signifies a commitment from both sides to pursue a comprehensive resolution. However, these negotiations require patience and perseverance. If successful, they may lead to an improved relationship and greater trust between the two powers, which is crucial for stability in the region.
Editor: The relationship took a severe hit after the Galwan Valley clash in June 2020. How does this disengagement process relate to that incident and the broader historical context?
Dr. Mehta: The Galwan clash marked a pivotal moment in Sino-Indian relations, leading to heightened military tensions and a breakdown of trust. This disengagement is an attempt to move beyond that crisis and restore a sense of order along the LAC. It’s important to recognize this agreement as a crucial step toward rebuilding trust, not just militarily, but diplomatically as well. Both nations realize that continued confrontations are mutually detrimental.
Editor: how significant is the role of diplomatic dialogue in achieving this disengagement agreement, especially considering the recent meetings between Prime Minister Modi and President Xi?
Dr. Mehta: Diplomatic dialogue was key. The discussions at the BRICS Summit were not just symbolic; they represent a tangible commitment to resolving outstanding issues. The fact that both leaders endorsed the agreement suggests that high-level diplomacy is very much alive and can yield results. Such dialogues foster understanding, reduce miscalculations, and, as we see now, pave the way for significant agreements like this one.
Editor: Thank you, Dr. Mehta, for sharing your insights on this complex and evolving situation.
Dr. Mehta: Thank you for having me—it’s always a pleasure to discuss these important topics.
