This April 10, a presidential mandate revocation consultation will be held for the first time, an exercise that exists in 23 other countries, either directly or indirectly and at the national or subnational level.
According to a document from Integral Consultantsthis exercise is carried out in 23 countries in America Europe, Asia, Oceania and Africa.
For example, in America it is performed in Argentina, Bolivia, Canada (British Columbia), Colombia, Ecuador, the United States, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela.
Lee: ‘You finish and leave!’; march in CDMX and other states to reject revocation consultation
Meanwhile, in Europe it takes place in Germany, Latvia, Liechtenstein, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and Ukraine; in Asia it is carried out in the Philippines, India, Japan and Taiwan; in Oceania, in New Zealand and Palau, and in Africa, in Ethiopia and Nigeria.
There are two ways to do this process. One is indirect and is known as “mixed” or “Top-Down”. In this case it can only be activated by a government authority, parliament or the president. The other is direct and can be activated by the electorate, through the collection of signatures, as in Mexico. This is known as “full” or “bottom-up”.
According to a UNAM document entitled “Is the revocation of a mandate a plebiscitary instrument?”, by Jaime Cárdenas Gracia, an academic related to the government of Andrés Manuel López Obrador, in Bolivia, Ecuador and Venezuela this figure is recognized for the president of the country, so that in 2004 and 2008, Hugo Chávez and Evo Morales underwent this exercise.
In the United States, mandate revocation has existed for about a century in some states: Alaska, Kansas, New Jersey, Arizona, Louisiana, North Dakota, California, Michigan, Oregon, Colorado, Minnesota, Rhode Island, Georgia, Montana, Washington, Idaho, Nevada and Wisconsin.
For example, in Montana the dismissal of non-popularly elected administrative officials is also allowed. In the United States, most recall rules prohibit its use during the first 12 months of an official’s term, and in five states, during the last 180 days of office.