2023-07-06 06:22:21
In the case of Hawking rays, from the study of many theories regarding the universe of famous physicist Stephen Hawking, astrophysicists were interested in studying Hawking rays because they believed that this type of radiation make the black hole gradually It evaporates until one day. Hawking radiation is the radiation of black bodies (balck bodies) emitted by black holes. due to quantum phenomena near the event horizon Hawking rays name Named following its discoverer, astrophysicist Stephen Hawking. The theoretical reasoning in 1974 that this type of radiation exists. It was following Jacob Begenstein had put forward the hypothesis that Black holes should have a temperature and entropy constrained above zero. The clearest photograph of a black hole captured by a human telescope / EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE COLLABORATION Normally, black holes have enormous gravitational pulls. Or any energy that passes through the event horizon cannot be accelerated out of a black hole. Even electromagnetic waves or light, so the black hole is likely to be larger and more massive. This allows the black hole to decrease in mass and energy. If a black hole loses more energy from Hawking radiation than it gains from absorbing masses and energies for long enough, it’s likely to lose more energy. will make the black hole smaller and eventually disappear This phenomenon is called black hole evaporation The smaller the black hole, such as a microscopic black hole, radiates more and evaporates faster than a larger black hole. General Relativity and the Hypothesis of the Existence of Black Holes Black holes are celestial objects in the universe with very high gravity. Nothing can move out of this area. With the exception of black holes, scientists have not been able to see the center of a black hole in the past. Black holes have their own boundaries called event horizon If an object falls into the event horizon Objects must accelerate more than the speed of light in order to escape from the event horizon. but in reality No object has yet been faster than the speed of light and therefore has been engulfed by the black hole’s immense gravity. In 1915, Albert Einstein announced the theory of general relativity, one of the predictions of general relativity. The most mysterious and surprising is the existence of black holes. Einstein predicted that when a massive star collapses at the end of its life, It will leave a small core. remaining, but very dense If the mass of the core is more than 3 times the mass of the Sun From the field equation of Einstein’s law of gravitation, it is shown that Gravitation overcomes all other forces and compresses the core until it reaches a tiny volume and forms a black hole. Shortly following the announcement of general relativity, German physicist Karl Schwarzschild discovered the solution to Einstein’s field equations for the first time by Schwarzchild found that Einstein’s theory It seems to allow for some special regions in spacetime where gravitational attraction is extremely high. The boundaries of this area are called “Event horizon”, a point from which nothing can return, whether light or object. until now Astrophysicists have discovered at least 6 black holes in the universe, which can be divided into 4 types: 1. Supermassive black holes. It is the black hole in the center of the galaxy. medium black hole stellar black hole caused by the rupture of a star4. Micro black holes or quantum black holes It took place in the earliest days of the universe. Illustration David Aguilar To this day, no scientist has ever seen the true shape of black holes. as if we might not see the wind But aware of the existence, so the study over the past time. It is studied through the presence of black holes affecting objects in orbit outside the event horizon. For example, black holes may be observed by following a constellation orbiting within the center of the black hole. or gas may be observed (from a companion star) being attracted to the black hole. The gas will roll inside. They heat up to very high temperatures and emit huge amounts of radiation that can be detected by telescopes orbiting the Earth. Thus, the observations have resulted in scientific consensus that black holes really exist in the universe. according to the latest understanding Black holes are explained by general relativity. which predicted that when a very large mass in a small area The path in that empty space is distorted all the way to the center of the volume. so that no objects or radiation can come out While the general theory of relativity explains Black holes are empty regions with a singularity at the center and at the edge of the event horizon. This description changed when physicists discovered quantum mechanics. Research on this topic has shown that in addition to black holes pulling on matter forever. and there is also a gradual release of inner energy called Hawking radiation. However, there is still no valid quantum theoretical explanation for black holes. Illustration NASA/JPL/CALTECH When general relativity combines with quantum mechanics to explain how nature works The study of physics over the past century Physicists are interested in two great theories: general relativity and quantum mechanics The conflict between the two halves of physics has been going on for more than a century. according to general relativity Black holes are regions with high gravitational field values. able to attract surrounding matter And those matter cannot escape the gravitational pull of black holes. Therefore, black holes should be completely black. and the mass accumulates until it becomes larger and larger. Conversely, considering the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, (Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle), a fundamental theory in quantum mechanics. will find uncertainty in the position of the particle and uncertainty in momentum or velocity. It is therefore impossible to observe particles moving faster than light. This principle allows superfast particles to escape from a black hole. Stephen Hawking Lecture in Texas in 2010 / Dave Einsel Photographs It wasn’t until 1974 that Stephen Hawking revolutionized the theory. regarding black holes by discovering that when the quantum laws governing the physics of atoms and fundamental particles are applied to black holes, His mathematical equations showed an astonishing result: black holes are not actually black holes. completely black Something can escape from a black hole. Since quantum phenomena are random, they cannot be determined with certainty. What kind of particles will escape? or at what time such an event will occur The result is Over time, there is a continuous flow of particles and energy from the black hole. This is emitted as heat radiation just like a black body that radiates heat to the environment. This ray has been named “Hawking radiation,” which results in a black hole glowing slightly. The energy lost by Hawking radiation causes the black hole to slowly decrease in mass. and eventually evaporated This theory is therefore one of the most profound connections ever made between the worlds of quantum physics and Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Hawking radiation has had a great influence on the pursuit of modern physics. which is a theory of everything (Theory of Everything) that can combine general relativity with quantum mechanics If Hawking’s theory is correct It might lead scientists to a deeper understanding of the study of astrophysics. Scientists around the world therefore question the existence of all things. “or the end of the universe is the evaporation of all things. Information – No Traces of Stars in Black Holes Everything in the Universe Is Doomed To Evaporate – Hawking’s Radiation Theory Isn’t Limited to Black Holes
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