2023-07-01 16:20:32
Japanese Research Group has made progress on developing a groundbreaking drug that might allow people to grow new teeth, with clinical trials due to begin in July 2024.
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“The idea of growing new teeth is the dream of every dentist. I worked on this when I was a graduate student. I was confident that I might pull this off,” said Katsu Takahashi, lead researcher.
Anodontia is a congenital disease that causes the growth of less than a full set of teeth and occurs in regarding 1% of the population. Genetic factors are believed to be the main reason why one tenth of anodontia patients are missing six or more teeth, a condition classified as oligodontia.
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Around 2005, when he delved into the subject at Kyoto University following returning to Japan, he began to see a brilliant path to continue his research. The researchers found that mice lacking a certain gene had an increased number of teeth. A protein called USAG-1, made by this gene, has been found to limit tooth growth. In other words, blocking the action of this protein can promote the growth of more teeth.
Takahashi’s research group focused on USAG-1 and developed a neutralizing antibody capable of blocking the function of the protein. In a 2018 experiment, mice with congenital low tooth counts were given a drug that caused them to erupt new teeth.
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Currently, work is underway to prepare the drug for human use. As soon as it is confirmed that it does not have a harmful effect on the human body, it will be directed to the treatment of children aged 2 to 6 years who have anodontia. “We hope to pave the way for the clinical application of the drug,” Takahashi said.
Medicine can change the rules of the game
If successful, a drug for regenerating teeth might be a game-changer in the entire field of dentistry.
Animals, including sharks and some types of reptiles, can permanently grow teeth. Humans were supposed to grow only two sets of teeth in their lifetime, but in fact there is evidence that we also have the “rudiments” for a third set.
When dental treatment is no longer possible due to severe caries or erosion of the tooth sockets, known as pyorrhea, people lose them and are forced to rely on dental appliances such as dentures. The ability to grow third generation teeth might change that. “In any case, we hope to see a time when regrowth drugs become the third choice along with dentures and implants,” Takahashi said.
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