2023-09-08 18:38:00
NEW DELHI.- The leaders of the world’s main economies will arrive in India starting this Friday to a two-day G-20 summit marked by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, concerns about the global economy and climate change.
The host country coined an optimistic slogan, “One Earth, one family, one future,” but differences between the various leaders plague the group’s functioning.
A G20 poster in New Delhi, India, on Friday, September 8, 2023. Manish Swarup – AP
The G-20 or Group of Twenty is an international forum and the main space for political and economic deliberation in the world. Created in 1999, it is made up of 20 industrialized and emerging countries from all continents: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, United Kingdom, plus the European Union. Spain is a permanent guest.
Together the political entities represented in the G-20 They account for 66% of the world’s population and 85% of the world’s gross product..
President Joe Biden arrives at Indira Gandhi International Airport to attend the G20 summit, Friday, September 8, 2023, in New Delhi. Evan Vucci – AP
This year’s summit is held on September 9 and 10 in New Delhi, the capital of India. Although all the leaders were invited to the meeting, there are notable absences as the the presidents of Russia and China, Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinpingwho sent in his place Prime Minister Li Qiang and Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, respectively.
In March, the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued an arrest warrant against Putin over accusations of war crimes linked to the illegal deportation of Ukrainian children, a measure that makes the Russian president’s travel difficult.
The president of United States, Joe Bidenarrived this Friday and will be received at the residence of the Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, for a bilateral meeting.
Latin America will be represented by the Brazilian president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silvawhose country will assume the presidency of the bloc in December, and the Argentine Alberto Fernandez. Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador will not attend.
The German Chancellor Olaf Scholzthe French president Emmanuel Macron and the president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, will be some of the representatives of the European Union. The head of the Spanish government, Pedro Sánchez, for his part, announced that he will not travel after having tested positive for Covid. Madrid will be represented by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, José Manuel Albares, and by the Vice President and Minister of Economy, Nadia Calviño.
G7 members such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan and Italy will have their respective prime ministers Rishi Sunak, Justin Trudeau, Fumio Kishida and Giorgia Meloni.
The Indonesian president will be from the Asia-Pacific region Joko Widodohis South Korean counterpart Yoon Suk Yeoland the Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese.
The Turkish president is also expected Recep Tayyip Erdoganto the Saudi prince Mohamed bin Salman and to the president Cyril Ramaphosa from South Africa, the only country from this continent in the group.
The Secretary General of the UN, António Guterresattends as an observer, like the leaders of the IMF and the World Bank.
The new most populous nation in the world hosts the rotating presidency of the G20 and Modi seizes the opportunity to put India at the center of the international stage and the needs of the called Global South. But he faces the arduous challenge of building a consensus among the great powers on key issues dividing the bloc, such as Russian invasion of Ukraine, goal of phasing out fossil fuels, and global debt restructuring.
Farmers protest against Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s policies and G20 Summit.NARINDER NANU – AFP
Biden specified that he hopes to take advantage of this summit to demonstrate that the bloc, despite its divisions, remains the main forum for global economic cooperation.
USA “carefully” monitors the challenges facing China, such as the decline in domestic consumption, the indebtedness of the real estate sector and the demographic challenges, said this Friday in New Delhi, the Secretary of the Treasury, Janet Yellen, who said she was aware of the risk that the situation in China poses for global growth, but he assured that “in general, the global economy has been resilient.” She added that “The most important negative influence is the Russian war in Ukraine”.
Regarding this conflict, British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak said upon arriving in New Delhi that Support for Ukraine will be its main focus at the summit.
“Putin is absent from the G20 again, but we will arrive with support for Ukraine,” X Sunak, of Indian origin and a devout Hindu, published on the social network.
The Indian Prime Minister is also expected to Narendra Modi push to expand group to 21 members with inclusion of African Uniona movement supported by Biden.
The Indian government indicated this Friday that it has “almost ready” the draft with which it aspires to achieve a common message at the end of the G20 leaders’ summit, despite the differences that exist.
The main negotiator of the host country, Amitabh Kant, confirmed at a press conference in New Delhi that already The final statement that will be “recommended” to leaders is practically finished. during the two days of debates this weekend.
It is up to the heads of state and government to “accept” it or not., so Kant acknowledged that it will not be until then that the potential achievements of the summit will be confirmed. If negotiations fail, It will be the first time that a joint declaration has not been achieved.
A worker carries the Indian flag to place it alongside those of other participating countries at the opening session of the G20 foreign ministers’ meeting in New Delhi, India.Manish Swarup – AP
As anticipated, the text includes the voices and needs of the Global South, which India strove to defend since he assumed the presidency of the G20 last December and who will move to Brazil in three months.
“The challenge is to reach consensus on all issues. “Each country has the right to veto.”acknowledged the negotiator in statements reproduced by the local channel NDTV, given the evident discrepancies that exist within the bloc.
The condemnation of war is precisely the biggest obstacle to achieve a final consensus declaration, which was achieved last year at the Bali summit (Indonesia), with waters divided between the Western powers and the position defended by Russia and China.
Security officers stand guard at the site of a protest by young Tibetan activists against the visit of the Chinese delegation to participate in the G20 Summit in New Delhi, India, on Friday, September 8, 2023.Channi Anand – AP
The security operation includes special commando forces, armored vehicles, snipers and men hired to scare away monkeyswhich are common to see in the Indian capital.
Heightened security is concentrated at the Pragati Maidan convention complex, located near the towers of the Purana Qila fortress, which will host the G20 deliberations, as well as at Raj Ghat, the memorial dedicated to Mahatma Gandhi that the leaders will visit on Sunday, and in Aerocity, a kind of closed neighborhood near the airport where the most important hotels are concentrated.
According to local media reports, the Indian government took the thousands of homeless people who live in this city off the streets and moved them into homes, as well as stray dogs; and also established restrictions on vehicular traffic with scheduled outages and street closures..
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