2023-08-03 00:06:53
Dermatophytes are filamentous keratinophilic fungi responsible in humans for lesions of the glabrous skin called “circineum herpes” (because of their rounded appearance), sycosis in the beard and mustache and ringworm on the scalp . A distinction is made between anthropophilic dermatophytes, the only human-to-human transmission, zoophilic (transmitted by animals) and telluric (by contact with the ground or via an animal coat). [museau de chien]). Several species of zoophilic dermatophytes are associated to different furry animals (table), whether pet or wild. Their frequency varies by country due to differences in exposure (contacts and fauna).
In urban areas, we mainly find Microsporum canis: discovered on the coat of a dog (hence its name), it is the cat that transmits it in 80% of casesbut it can be isolated in all domestic animals (rabbits, hamsters, mice, etc.).
Trichophyton mentagrophytes, zoophilic, is also possibly telluric. Vectors are wild mammals (field mice, voles…) or domestic ones (dogs, guinea pigs, cattle, sheep…) ; rabbits and cats are less affected, and the hunting dog is contaminated by sniffing the burrows. T. verrucosum (or T. ochraceum), frequent in the countryside (bovidae and ovidae), particularly affects children who stay on the farm and play with calves. Breeders and veterinarians are likely to be contaminated.
The animal rarely has alopecic lesions: more or less inflammatory and scaly, they mainly sit on the head, muzzle or legs. Transmission to humans occurs through direct contact (caresses) or indirect (hair on a couch, scratching once morest a contaminated barrier). The spores survive in the environment for at least a year. Penetration into the skin requires even minimal excoriation. The lesions are therefore located on the contact areas (face of children kissing animals, legs and arms of adults in contact with cat claws) or scratching. Unlike anthropophilic dermatophytes, zoophiles very rarely reach the nails.
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