2023-08-25 12:47:05
The Moon is Earth’s closest neighbor in space and has been a source of inspiration and curiosity for humans since ancient times. In the 20th century, countries began to explore the moon using unmanned and manned spacecraft. In this article, we will review the countries that landed on the moon and the year in which they did so. The United States The first country to land on the moon was the United States on July 20, 1969, when astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin descended from the Apollo 11 spacecraft on the surface of the moon. This was the first human landing on the moon, and it became an important historical and scientific event. Astronaut Neil Armstrong said upon exiting the spacecraft: “This is one small step for a human being, and one giant step for mankind.” The United States is also the only country to have sent humans to the moon, and made a total of six manned flights between 1969 and 1972. During these flights, twelve astronauts landed on the surface of the moon, collecting 382 kilograms of rocks and soil. They also conducted various scientific experiments, planted the United States flag, and left their mark on the lunar terrain. The Soviet Union following the United States The Soviet Union landed on the moon on September 14, 1970, using an unmanned probe called Luna 16. This probe collected samples of lunar soil and returned them to Earth. This was the first successful landing of an unmanned probe on the moon, and the first return of lunar samples without astronauts. The Soviet Union launched 24 probes to the Moon between 1959 and 1976. Of these, 15 probes successfully landed on the Moon, and three of them returned lunar samples to Earth. The Soviet Union also sent the first probe to the far side of the moon, Luna 3 in 1959. It sent the first lunar module, Lunokhod 1 in 1970. China Next, China landed on the moon on December 14, 2013, using an unmanned probe called Chang E3. This probe landed on an area called Trust Bay, and launched a small robot called U2. This was China’s first successful landing on the moon, and the first successful landing on Amanah Bay since 1976. China has launched six probes to the moon since 2007. Among them, three probes successfully landed on the lunar surface, and two of them returned lunar samples to Earth. China also sent the first probe to the far side of the moon, Chang’e 4, in 2019. It sent the first lunar rover to the far side, Yu22, in the same year. Israel and India In 2019, Israel and India attempted to land on the moon, but both attempts failed. An Israeli probe called Berashit crashed into the lunar surface on April 11, 2019, following it failed to stabilize its speed and altitude. This was Israel’s first attempt to land on the moon, and was intended to collect scientific data and plant the flag of Israel. Then, India lost contact with its probe called Vikram moments before it touched down on September 6, 2019. This probe was part of a mission called Chandrayaan-2, and it was carrying a small robot called Pragyan. This was India’s second attempt to land on the moon, and it aimed to explore the south polar region of the moon. In this article, we review the countries that landed on the moon and the year in which they did so. We have seen that only three countries have successfully landed unmanned probes on the Moon and returned lunar samples to Earth: the United States, the Soviet Union, and China. We have also seen that the United States is the only country that has succeeded in sending astronauts to the moon and returning them safely. Finally, we saw that Israel and India tried to join the club of countries that landed on the moon, but their attempts failed in the last stage.
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