2023-10-18 22:00:00
Since the end of November 2022, the general public can become fully aware of the potential of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT. If specialists in the field have been working for several years on language models capable of generating content in a natural way (text, image, sound), the public launch of ChatGPT will certainly go down in the history of AI as a moment of democratization tools that are still, according to their critics, too little mastered. In parallel with this rise in power of AI tools, ethical questions are also experiencing a phase of democratization.
These generative AI tools are part of a set of tools, methods or techniques brought together in the large family of “artificial intelligence”. As defined below, ethics raises the question of values and principles in the design, production, use and regulation of digital tools. These questions of values and principles are essential everywhere and the ethics of AI are booming. Academic contributions follow one another at an impressive speed, public debate takes up ethical questions and users look more critically at the tools proposed. Far from being left behind, companies are increasingly integrating a truly ethical dimension into their internal processes. This growing importance sometimes reflects the deep conviction of management teams, but also an ambition to gain a good reputation by placing itself at the forefront of a movement that is felt to be profound or, at the very least, in order to avoid Accidents along the way are damaging to the relationship of trust with customers and partners. Business initiatives ultimately aim to anticipate future regulations on the uses of AI. Following the example of the European Union (EU), the regulation under discussion on AI – aiming to establish harmonized rules for EU countries – will permanently modify the way in which companies, public administrations and individuals design and use AI tools.
This article aims to provide an overview of AI ethics issues for engineering specialists. In addition to a general explanation of the challenges involved, each section concludes with a series of questions directly relevant to companies/organizations in their management of AI tools.
The text is organized into five parts. The first deals with definitions of the terms artificial intelligence and ethics. The second presents the approach of the navigation tool chosen in order to structure the questions to be asked. This tool acts as a compass to find your way through ethical questions; it proposes three families of ethical questions, which are developed separately. The third part thus deals with the first family of ethical questions, namely ethics in technology. Ethical choices in the design and creation of AI tools are at the heart of his reflections. The fourth part focuses on the impact of AI tools on individuals, whether it is a small team of specialists or society as a whole for the most important tools. These questions are addressed with the concept of social justice. The fifth part focuses on the major social stories through which we understand technology. These stories are an opportunity to take a step back to question the way in which digital tools modify our vision of reality. As we will see later, these three parts form a whole to be considered as a whole.
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