Designing a Solar System: Exploring the Maximum Number of Planets and Orbits

2023-07-10 17:02:33
Subscribe for free to Al Diyar YouTube channel Our solar system contains an unusually large number of planets compared to other known planetary systems. It can be said that in total, there are about 812 known planetary systems, each containing three or more confirmed planets, and there is only one known planetary system that contains as many planets as our solar system, which is Kepler-90. According to the “Extrasolar Planets” encyclopedia. From this we may see that our solar system with its eight planets is the most crowded system with planets at the present time, although there may be small inner planets that have not yet been discovered in these outer planet systems. But is this the maximum number of planets that can revolve around the sun, or is there room for more? to the theoretical world, and to ignore some natural factors that may limit the number of planets that can form. One of the best ways to do this is to design or engineer an entirely new solar system from scratch. This is what astronomer Sean Raymond, who specializes in planetary systems at the Bordeaux Astrophysical Laboratory in France, has already done. He designed what he called the “Ultimate Engineered Solar System” in which the number of planets was determined, according to some major variables. For a number of complex factors that must be taken into account, such as the size of the star, the size of the planets, rocky or gas giants, the number of moons orbiting each planet, the location of large asteroids and comets, such as those in the asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars and in the Kuiper belt beyond Neptune, as well The direction of the planets’ orbits and the amount of material left over from the sun or star to form and create the planets. It also takes hundreds of millions of years of intense collisions and gravitational pulls between the planets for the system to settle into a stable configuration. Raymond posits that if we become a highly advanced civilization with technology and resources far beyond our current capabilities, it might be possible to overcome many of the limitations and design a solar system full of With the largest number of planets.2- The number of planets is limited by the number of orbits In an engineered solar system, the maximum number of planets is limited by the number of planetary orbits you can place around the sun in a stable system.Because when a planetary system becomes unstable, the orbits of the planets begin to intersect with Some of them collide or scatter by gravity and fly out of the system or orbit around each other. The minimum safe distance between the orbits of the different planets in a stable system depends on the size of each planet, or more accurately its “Hill radius”. And the Hale radius on a planet is the distance between the planet and the edge of its field of influence. Objects of smaller mass are affected by its gravity, such as the Moon orbiting the Earth. More massive planets exert stronger gravity, which means they have a larger Hale radius. According to NASA, this is why the distance between the orbits of Earth and Mars, which is about 78.3 million km, is about seven times smaller than the distance between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, which is about 550.7 million km. For this reason, the number of orbits that can fit With the solar system it mostly depends on the size of the planets. For example, Jupiter is about 300 times larger than Earth, which means the Hale radius is about 10 times larger. This means that 10 separate Earth orbits could fit into the same space as Jupiter’s current orbit. So to increase the number of planets in a system, you have to make them as small as possible. On the other hand, the number of orbits can be increased through the idea of ​​”reverse orbits”. In the current solar system, all the planets revolve in the same direction around the sun, because the planets formed from a large cloud of dust orbiting in the same direction around the sun. However, in a well-engineered solar system there can be planets orbiting the sun in the opposite direction, known as “reverse orbits”. This can be used to increase the number of orbits. And if two planets revolve around the sun in the opposite direction, the gravitational forces between them will weaken slightly, and the minimum safe distance between their orbits can be reduced. 3- 42 planets in one orbit It is assumed that each orbit in the solar system It contains only one planet. But if we want to maximize the number of planets in our engineered solar system, we will have to put as many planets as possible in the same orbit, provided they are far enough apart to remain stable. Scientists determined in a 2010 study published in the journal Celestial Mechanics and Astronomy Dynamic” (Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy), the number of planets that can share one orbit, and they found that 42 planets the size of Earth can share one orbit. But, according to Raymond, the chances of this large number of planets sharing one orbit Naturally, it is almost zero, because this requires that all planets be exactly the same size, and that they form at the same time. According to the previous main variables, and published the results on his blog, “Planet Planet”. In his model, Raymond used planets of equal size (the size of Earth) with opposite orbits. In addition, Raymond’s geometric system extends to a thousand astronomical units (AU) from the sun instead of From the current 100 astronomical units, according to the European Space Agency, the sun’s gravitational influence could extend much further. Knowing that the astronomical unit represents the average distance between the sun and Earth’s orbit, which is about 150 million km. And if we take all that into account, we will find that our solar system can accommodate 57 orbits, each of which contains 42 planets, so the total number of planets is 2394. And if planets smaller in size, up to about a tenth of the Earth’s size, are used, our solar system can accommodate 121 orbits, each containing 89 planets, which gives a total number of planets of 10,769 planets. If the planets are one-hundredth the mass of Earth, there could be 341 orbits containing 193 planets each, giving a total of 65,813 planets. Key words
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